Model Test Four
Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Popularity of Getting看火车 Certificates on Campus. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.
1.大学校园内各种证书的报考十分火热自动转存
2.大学生考证的利弊
3.考证面前，我的选择
The Popularity of Getting Certificates on Campus
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: ps使用In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1-7, choo the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, completeinspire是什么意思 the ntences with the information given in the passage.
Guide Dogs
For most dog owners, the expression “work like a dog” doesn’t make much n. But some dogs happily perform very demanding jobs for much of their life, putting in a full day’s work just like the rest of us. Guide dogs, one of the most familiar sorts of working dog, provide an invaluable rvice to humans. Every day, they help their masters get from place to place more safely.
What Guide Dogs Do
Guide dogs help blind or visually impaired people get around in the world. In most countries, they are allowed to anyplace where the public is allowed, so they can help their handlers be in any place they might want to go to. To do this, a guide dog must know how to:
罗马古城· Keep on a direct route, ignoring distractions such as smells, other animals and people
· Maintain a steady pace, to the left and just ahead of the handler
· Stop at all curbs until told to proceed
· Turn left and right, move forward and stop on command
· Recognize and avoid obstacles that the handler won’t be able to fit through (narrow passages and low overheads)中考家长寄语鼓励的话
· Stop at the bottom and top of stairs until told to proceed
· Bring the handler to elevator buttons
· Lie quietly when the handler is sitting down只有我最摇摆
· Help the handler to board and move around bus, subways and other forms of public Vehicles
·
Obey a number of verbal commands
Additionally, a guide dog must know to disobey any command that would put the handler in danger. This ability, called lective disobedience, is perhaps the most amazing thing about guide dogs that they can balance obedience with their own asssment of the situation.
心雨的歌词This capacity is extremely important at crosswalks, where the handler and dog must work very cloly together to navigate the situation safely. Dogs cannot distinguish the color of traffic lights, so the handler must make the decision of when it is safe to proceed across the road. The handler listens to the flow of traffic to figure out when the light has changed and then gives the command “forward”. If there is no danger, the dog proceeds across the road in a straight line. If there are cars approaching, the dog waits until the danger is gone and then follows the forward command.
On the Job and After Hours
Guide dogs enjoy their work immenly, and they get a lot of satisfaction from a job well done, but there is no room for typical dog fun during the work day. Games, treats and prai cannot distract the dog from helping its handler navigate the cour. Even when the handler doesn’t need assistance, a guide dog on the job is trained to ignore distractions and keep still. This is becau a guide dog must be able to come to the handler’s workplace or be in public places without creating a disturbance.
When you e a guide dog on the job, it is extremely important that you recognize that it is at work. Petting or talking to the dog breaks its concentration, which impairs the handler’s ability to get around in his or her surroundings. People are very impresd with guide dogs and so we have a natural inclination to prai them, but the best thing you can do to help a guide dog is to leave it alone so that it can pay attention to its surroundings and maintain its focus on its handler. Guiding is very complicated, and it requires a dog’s undivided attention.
When a guide dog gets home at the end of the day, however, it will play and soak up prai
just like an ordinary pet. Guide dogs make the distinction between work and play bad on their lead harness: When the harness is on, they must stay completely focud; when it comes off, it’s play time. Guide dogs work very hard every day, but they lead extremely happy lives, full of lots of attention and stimulation. Dogs only end up working as guide dogs if they absolutely love the work. In fact, many handlers report that their dogs leap enthusiastically into the harness every morning!
Training
People often rai Golden Retrievers(猎犬),German shepherds or Labradors(拉布拉多猎狗) as candidates of guide dogs. Once a dog is grown up, socialized and well trained, it goes to the guide dog school for evaluation.
