"For the more languages a man can speak，一个人会讲的语言愈多
His talent has but sprung the greater leak; 愈益暴露其才学的漏洞。
And, of the industry he has spent upon't, 这儿那儿把心血呕
Must full as much some other way discount. 总免不了大打折扣。
The Hebrew, Chaldee, and the Syriac 希伯来文、加尔蒂文和叙利亚文，
Do, like their letters, t men's reason back, 一如其写法，让人理智颠倒
And turn their wits that strive to understand it 若要竭力研读它
(Like tho that write the characters) left-handed. 就像用左手写字
Yet he that is but able to express 然而，若要表达超前
No n at all in veral languages, 根本不用几种语言
Will pass for learneder than he that's known 用母语发出最强音
To speak the strongest reason in his own.通常被认为更有学问" Butler 巴特勒
1.The description种类of persons who have the fewest ideas of all others are mere authors and readers人群中对周围事物了解最少的是那些只会写和读的人. It is better to be able neither to read nor write than to be able to do nothing el.
A lounger闲逛者who is ordinarily en with a book in his hand is (we may be almost sure) equally without the power or inclination to attend either to what pass around him or in his own mind.整日手捧书本而不务世事的人，我们几乎可以肯定，既无力也无心去关心他周围或脑子里的事物Such a one may be said to carry his understanding about with him in his pocket, or to leave it at home on his library shelves. He is afraid of venturing on any train of一系列reasoning他不敢做深思, or of striking out提出any obrvation评论that is not mechanically suggested to him by passing his eyes over certain legible清晰的characters他不敢做任何评论，除非他亲眼看到的文字机械地提议他这样做; shrinks from the fatigue of thought, which, for want of practice, becomes insupportable to him 他害怕苦思冥想，因为他缺少实践，无从可想; and sits down contented with an endless, wearisome succession of words and half-formed模糊images, which fill the void空虚of the mind, and continually efface 抹去one another.他整日独坐，满足于和那些冗长乏味的词句以及模糊不清的形象为伴，这些东西填充着他空虚的头脑，同时也不停彼此磨损、消失Learning is, in too many cas, but a foil陪衬to c
ommon n; a substitute for true knowledge很多情况下，书本只是常识的陪衬真知的替补. Books are less often made u of as 'spectacles' to look at nature with, than as blinds to keep out its strong light and shifting scenery from weak eyes and indolent dispositions性情.与其说书本是用来观察自然的“眼镜”，还不如说它会遮蔽那些视弱和怠懒的人的眼睛，使他们看不到大自然炫目的光线和变幻的美景The book-worm wraps himlf up in his web of verbal generalities空泛言辞, and es only the glimmering微弱shadows of things reflected from the minds of others Nature puts him out. T he impressions of real objects, stripped of剥去the disguis of words and voluminous大量的roundabout迂回descriptions, are blows that stagger him; 真实物体印象，一旦被剥去文字的伪装和各种迂回的描述，对他简直就是迎头痛击，令他脚步跟舱，站立不稳their variety distracts, their rapidity exhausts him它们的丰富多彩令他无所适从，它们的飞速变化令他筋疲力尽; and he turns from the bustle喧闹, the noi, and glare目眩, and whirling motion of the world about him (which he has not an eye to follow
紫罗兰怎么养
in his fantastic changes, nor an understanding to reduce to归纳为fixed principles他既不关注其巨大的变化，也不懂得如何归纳出固有的规律), to the quite monotony of the dead languages, and the less startling and more intelligible combinations of the letters of the alphabet他转身离开这个隋闹．哨杂，使人头晕一幅对联
目眩的世界()，转向那些单调的已经没有生气的语言，以及那些乏味的，不太令人吃惊，不太难懂的字母单调组合. It is well, it is perfectly well. 'Leave me to my repo'
让我安宁吧, is the motto of the sleeping and dead. You might as well ask the paralytic偏瘫病人to leap from his chair and throw away his crutch, or, without a miracle, to 'take up his bed收拾床铺and walk', as expect the learned reader to thrown down his book and think for himlf. He clings to紧抱it for his intellectual support知识支柱; and his dread of being left to himlf is like the horror of a vacuum真空. He can only breathe a learned atmosphere, as other men breath common air. He is a borrower of n. 他的感觉都借自别人He has no ideas of his own, and must live on tho of other people. The habit of supplying our ideas from foreign sources外界资源enfeebles削弱all internal strength of thought削弱一切内在思维力量' as a cour of dram drinking destroys the tone of the stomach就像长期地少量饮酒也会慢慢
地损坏肠胃一样. The faculties of the mind思维器官, when not exerted, or when cramped束缚by custom and authority, become listless倦怠, torpid麻木, and unfit for the purpos of thought or action. Can we wonder at the languor呆滞and lassitude疲乏which is thus produced by a life of learned sloth怠惰and ignorance对学问人这种倦怠和无聊的生活人民已经习以为常，这种盲从而慵懒的生活使人精神倦怠，身心疲惫; by poring over 苦心钻研lines and syllables that excite little more ide
a or interest than if they were the characters of an unknown tongue, till the eye clos on vacancy, and the book drops from the feeble hand学问人苦心钻研空洞无聊的字句和音节，直到两眼发黑，书本从无力的手中滑落下
来! I would rather be a wood-cutter伐木工, or the meanest地位卑微hind农夫, that all day 'sweats in the eye of Phoebus, and at night sleeps in Elysium太阳底下挥汗劳作，夜晚就在追逐世界里美美地睡觉', than wear out耗费my life so,
'twixt dreaming and awake半睡半醒. The learned author differs from t he learned student in this, that the one transcribes what the other reads一个抄书，另一个读书. The learned are mere literary drudges文字长工. If you t them upon original compositions their heads turn, they don't know where they are. The indefatigable孜孜不倦readers of books are like the everlasting
不停copiers of pictures, who, when they attempt to do anything of their own, find they want an eye quick enough, and hand steady enough，and clours bright enough,to trace the living forms生动形态of nature.
人群中对周围事物了解最少的是那些只会写和读的人。不会读又不会写，比起只会读和写，倒要好一些。整日手捧书本而不务世事的人——我们几乎可以肯定——既无力也无心去关心他周围或脑子里的
事物。像这样的人，或许有人会说，已经把自己的理解力装在了口袋里，或遗在家里的书架上了。他不敢做深思；他不敢做任何评论，除非他亲眼看到的文字机械地提议他这样做；他害怕苦思冥想，因为他缺少实践，无从可想；他整日独坐，满足于和那些冗长乏味的词句以及模糊不清的形象为伴。这些东西填充着他空虚的头脑，同时也不停地彼此磨损、消失。在很多情况下，书本只是常识的陪衬，真知的替补。与其说书
本是用来观察自然的“眼镜”，还不如说它会遮蔽那些视弱和怠懒的人的眼睛，使他们看不到大自然炫目的光线和变幻的美景。书呆子把自己包裹在其织就的文字之网中，只能看见别人脑中反映出来的事物的微弱阴影。大自然比他目眩；真实物体的印象，一旦被剥去文字的伪装和各种迂回的描述，对他简直就是迎头痛击，令他脚步跟舱，站立不稳；它们的丰富多彩令他无所适从，它们的飞速变化令他筋疲力尽；他转身离开这个隋闹．哨杂，使人头晕目眩的世界(他既不关注其巨大的变化，也不懂得如何归纳出固有的规律)，转向那些单调的已经没有生气的语言，以及那些乏味的，不太令人吃惊，不太难懂的字母单调组合。这没什么不好，非常可取。“让我安宁吧!”这是睡者和死者的箴言。期望学问人能放下书本去独立思考，就像让一个偏瘫病人撇开拐杖从椅子上跳起来，或者不靠什么奇迹就能收起床铺迈步走一样，是不可能的。他紧抱书本不敢，把它作为自己的知识支柱；他害怕被独白遗下，就像害怕真空一样。他仅能呼吸学术空气，就像别人呼吸自然空气一样。他的感觉都借自别人，没有自己的思想，必须靠别人的思想为生。这种依靠外界资源给自己提供思想的习惯会“削弱一切内在思维力
量”，就像长期地少量饮酒也会慢慢地损坏肠胃一样。思维器官被弃置不用．或受到习俗或者权威的束缚时，就会变得倦怠、麻木，不再适合支配行动和思考。学问人苦心钻研空洞无聊的字句和音节，直到两眼发黑，书本从无力的手中滑落下来。对学问人这种倦怠和无聊的生活人民已经习以为常，这种盲从而慵懒的生活使人精神倦怠，身心疲惫。我宁愿做一个伐木工，或地位卑微的农夫，整日在“太阳底下挥汗劳作，夜晚就在追逐世界里美美地睡觉”，也不愿意这样半睡半醒，耗费我的生命。有学问的作者和谈者之间的区别在于：一个抄书，另一个读书。做学问的人只是文字长工。如果你让他们真正自己写一篇文章，他们会觉得头昏脑涨，不知自己身处何处。孜孜不倦地读书就像那些不停地临摹别人画的人，在他们尝试自己做画时，却发现自己的眼睛不够快，手不够稳健，用色不够鲜艳，而无法描绘大自然的生动形态
部门是什么意思
2.Anyone who has pasd through经过the regular gradations分级of a classical education, and is not made a fool by it, may consider himlf as having had a very narrow escape凡是经过正规的传统教育的人，即使若没有被教成一个傻瓜，也会合动厩余生之感. It is an old remark老生常谈, that boys who shine at school do not make the greatest figure最突出when they grow up and come out into the world.The things, in fact, which a boy is t to learn at school, and on which his success depends, are things which do not require
肾有什么功能the exerci either of the highest or the most uful faculties of the mind事实是，孩子在学校里学习
的东西，即他们成功所在．往往不需要运用大脑中最有用的功能. Memory is the chief faculty called into play in conning over 学习and repeating lessons by rote in grammar, in languages, in geography, arithmetic, etc., so that he who has the most of this technical memory机械记忆, with the least turn转移for other things, which have a stronger and more natural claim upon his childish attention, will make the most forward school-boy. The jargon术语containing the definitions of the parts of speech语言成分定义的术语, the rules for casting up计算an account运算的法则, or the inflections变音of a Greek verb, can have no attraction to the tyro初学者of ten years old, except as they are impod as a task upon him by others, of from his feeling the want of sufficient relish食欲or amument in other things. A lad with a sickly constitution身体赢弱and no very active mind, who can just retain记住what薄谷开来的父亲>开挂
is pointed out to him, and has neither sagacity智慧to distinguish, nor spirit
to enjoy for himlf, will generally be at the head of his form. An idler懒散at
school, on the other hand, is one who has high health and spirits, who has
the free u of his limbs四肢灵活, with all his wits about him头脑敏捷, who feels the circulation of his blood and the motion of his heart, who is ready to laugh and cry in a breath, and who had rather cha a ball or a butterfly, feel the open air in his face, look at the fields or the sky, follow a winding p
ath感
受户外空气吹拂, or enter with eagerness into all the little conflicts and interests of his acquaintances and friends, than doze over打盹a musty陈腐spelling book课本, repeat barbarous格格不入distichs句子, after his master, sit so many hours pinioned to拴在a writing-desk, and receive his reward for the loss of time and pleasure in paltry prize-medals at Christmas and Midsummer 施礼约翰节不愿为了在圣诞节和施礼约翰节上得到一些无足轻重奖励而失去时间和乐趣. There is indeed a degree of stupidity which prevents children from learning the usual lessons, or ever arriving at the puny寥寥academic honours. But what pass for被认为stupidity is much oftener a want of interest, of a sufficient motive to fix the attention and force a reluctant application of the dry枯燥and unmeaning 无聊pursuits of school learning. The best capacities are as much above this drudgery苦差事as the dullest are beneath it人类最高的能力远高于读书这个苦差事，就像最笨的学生的能力要远远低于它一样. Our men of the greatest genius have not been most distinguished for their acquirements
成就at school or at the university.上海豫园门票
凡是经过正规的传统教育的人，即使若没有被教成一个傻瓜，也会合动厩余生之感。学校里的尖子学生长大进入社会后却不是最突出的，这已经是名生常谈了；事实是，孩子在学校里学习的东西，即他
们成功所在．往往不需要运用大脑中最有用的功能。在学习语法、语言、地理、算术等科白时，依靠的主要是以最低级层次的功能去糊弄，去记忆。因此，那些机械记忆力最强却很少关注其他事情——那些事情能激起儿童更强的兴趣——的学生会名列前茅。对于一个十多岁的初学者来说，包含语言成分定义的术语、运算的法则、希腊语动词的曲折变化，这些都没有任何吸引力，除非是作为任务强加给他们或者他们对其他事情没有浓厚兴趣。身体赢弱、思维不活的孩子，刚好能记作老师指定的功课，他虽然没有明辨是非的智慧，也没有自娱自乐的精神，往往会是年级的尖子：另一方面，学校里的那些懒学生，他们有健康的体魄和充沛的活力，四肢灵活、头脑敏捷，他们可以感觉到体内血液的流动和心脏的跳动；他们任意哭笑；他们宁愿追逐皮球和蝴蝶，感受户外空气的吹拂，或瞩目原野和天空，或信步于婉蜒的小径，或急切地与朋友争论或讨论，也不愿意面对陈腐的课本而昏昏欲睡，或者跟着老师重复那些格格不入的句子，或久久地被拴在课桌旁；不愿意为了在圣诞节和施礼约翰节上得到一些无足轻重的奖励而失去时间和乐趣。确实，他们学不会学校的普通课程，或得不到那些寥寥的学习荣耀在一定程度上是因为他们笨，但往往是因为他们没有兴趣，缺乏学习动机，不愿花力气到枯燥而且无聊的学业中右，而这却往往被错认为是愚笨。人类最高的能力远高于读书这个苦差事，就像最笨的学生的能力要远远低于它一样。我们最伟大的天才在小学或大学里的成绩并不都是最好的
3.Th' enthusiast Fancy was a truant ever.爱幻想的学生都曾逃过学。
4.Gray格雷and Collins科林斯were among the instances of this wayward disposition. Such persons d
o not think so highly of the advantages, nor can they submit their imaginations so rvilely屈从to the trammels束缚of strict scholastic discipline. There is a certain kind and degree of intellect in which words take root来源, but into which things have not power to penetrate确实有神话资料
某些智力在一定程度上是文句的来源，但是客观事物却无法渗透进. A mediocrity平庸之才of talent, with a certain slenderness of moral constitution道德欠佳, is the soil that produces the most brilliant specimens of successful prize-essays产生奖章作家和的沃土and Greek epigrammatists希腊语讽刺许人. It should not be forgotten that the least respectable character among modern politicians was the cleverest boy at Eton. 我们别忘现代政客中最不体面家伙曾是伊顿公学中最聪明学生。
格雷和科林斯就是这种任性的例证。他们这些人对学校严格的纪律不以为然，更不会让他们的想象力受其束缚。确实有某些智力在一定程度上是文句的来源，但是客观事物却无法渗透进去。那些道德欠佳的平庸天才正是产生奖章作家和希腊语讽刺许人的沃土。我们不要忘了现代政客中最不体面的家伙曾经是伊顿公学中最聪明的学生
5.Learning is the knowledge of that which is not generally known to others, and which we can only derive at cond-hand from books or other artificial sources.学问是不为常人所知只能间接地从书本或其他人为的来源中获得的知识The knowledge of that which is before us, or about us, which appeal
s to需要our experience, passions, and pursuits, to the bosom心灵and business of men, is not learning我们眼前的、周围的需要我们用经验、情感、追求或需要我们心灵和事业的知识不是学问. Learning is the knowledge of that which none but the learned know学问只有有学问的人知道而其他人一概不知. He is the most learned man who knows the most of what is farthest removed from common life and actual obrvation, that is of the least practical utility, and least liable to be brought to the test of experience最经不起实验检验, and that, having been handed down 层层相传through the greatest number of intermediate stages中间阶段, is the most full of uncertainty, difficulties and contradictions. It is eing with the eyes of others, hearing with their ears, and pinning依赖our faith on their understandings. The learned man prides himlf in the knowledge of names and dates, not of men or things.有学问的人为他们知道的名字和历史日期而感到骄傲，而不懂得人和事本身He thinks and cares nothing about his next-door neighbours, but is deeply read in the tribes and castes等级制度of the Hindoos and Calmuc Tartars挞旦卡尔马克人. He can hardly find his way into the next street, though he is acquainted with the exact dimensions 大小of Constantinople and Pekin. He does not know whether his oldest acquaintance is a knave无赖or a fool, but he can pronounce a pompous lecture on夸夸而淡all the principal characters重要人物in history. He cannot tell whether an object is black or white, round or square, and yet he is a profesd 资深master of the laws of optics光学定律and rules of perspective
透视法则. He knows as much of what he talks about as a blind man does of colours. He cannot give a satisfactory answer to the plainest question, nor is he ever in the right in any one of his opinions upon any one matter of fact that really comes before him遇见的实际问题, and yet he gives himlf out for
宣称an infallible绝无错误judge on all tho points, of which it is impossible that he or any other person living should know anything but by conjecture推测意见从未正确过，然而却总是宣称，他对其本人或全人都不可能知道，只能揣测一二的事情他是绝对正确的权威. He is expert in all the dead and in most of the living
