英语国家概况复习要点
Part One UK
The Country
1. Different Names for Britain and its Parts
Name：England Britain Great Britain GB/G.B. British Isles
British Empire The Commonwealth The United KingdomThe UK
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Parts：England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland
2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Geographically; the British Isles includes Great Britain; the whole of Ireland; and all the offshore islands
Politically; the British Isles is made up of U.K. and Republic of Ireland.
3. the highest mountain in Britain：Ben Nevis本尼维斯山
无偿献血倡议书 the largest mountain range in Britain：the Grampians格兰扁山脉
4. the longest river：The Severn River 塞文河
The most important river in Britain and the cond longest river:
Thames泰晤士河
5. the largest lake in Britain：Lough Neagh内伊湖 Northern Ireland
6. Backbone of England：the Pennies奔宁山脉
The people销售产品会计分录
7.The first known ttlers of Britain were the Iberians.
人们所知的英国最早居民是伊比利来人..
8.Basis of Modern English race
The earlist people known in Britain were nomads游牧者from mainland Europe
in the Old Stone Age旧石器时代;followed by Neolithic新石器时代 Iberians
伊比利亚人 and the Beaker Folk比克人in the Bronze Age青铜器时代
9.the contributions made by Anglo-Saxons to the English state
①.established 'Old English'
②.吃南瓜子的好处laid the foundations of the English state
③. divided the country into shires
④. created the 'Witan' to advi the Kingthe basis of the Cabinet
10.different invaders
First invasion—In 55 BC; Julius Caesar
Second—Caesar's cond raid in 54 BC
Third and final—In 43 AD; Emperor Claudius; final and successful Roman invasion of Britain recorded
Left—In 410; Germanic barbarian attack Rome; forcing Roman troops to leave Britain; and thus ending its occupation of the island
History
9. Who is known as “ the father of the British navy” Sir Francis Drake
10. The Norman Conquest and its conquences
The Norman Conquest 1066-1071
Fu: Edward ruled for 24 years and died in January; 1066. Harold was chon to be king. William; Duke of Normandy; heard the news of Harold’s coronation; he got very angry and claimed that he had the sole right to be king of England becau Edward had
promid the crown to him and that Harold had promid to help him become king of England. Duke William led army and landed on the coast. The two armies met at Hastings.
Conquences：
It incread the process of feudalism.
William established a strong monarchy in England.
He introduced new ideas in laws.
It brought changes in the church.
The French language came along with the Normans.
11. When was the feudal system established in England 封建制度
Under William; the feudal system was completely established.
Medieval Britain 1066-1485
12. Who signed Great Charter King John 签署大宪章
13. Great Charter time; contents; nature
Time: Magna Carta 1215
Contents:内容
A. the king was not to exact payments from the feudal vassals without their connt;
B. the laws were not to be modified by the arbitrary action of the king;
wps替换
C. should the king attempt to free himlf from law; the vassals had the right to force the king to obey it; by civil war or by otherwi.植物手抄报内容
Nature: a feudal document
14. The Hundred Years’ War
①. Time: intermittently from 1337 to 1453
②. Countries: France and Britain
③. Factors: partly territorial and partly economic 新时代的奋斗者
The English kings wanted to get back the lost land in France.
The economic interests of England and France clashed in Flanders.
New national consciousness of England
④. Fu: French throne succession——Edward III claimed the French Crown. The French refud to recognize the claim.
⑤.Three outstanding stages of the war
A. At first the English were brilliantly successful.
冤家路宽B. Henry V renewed the war in 1415 and he was recognized to the French throne in 1420.
什么食物化痰C. After Henry V’s death in 1422; the French; encouraged by Joan of Arc; their national heroine; drove the English out of France.
⑥. Two decisive reasons for French to win:
effective u of guns &“Joan of Arc”
⑦.Significance:
The war was very expensive and it cost the English great deal of death; wealth and property; thus the feudal rule was weakened in the war.
