动词、名词、形容词、副词的各种变化形式
★动词
一.正常情况下,动词变第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词、现在分词,直接加-s,-ed,-ed,-ing, 例如:
look→looks;
look→looked;
look→looked;
look→looking。
二.以不发音的-e结尾时,直接加-s,-d,-d,或去e加-ing,例如:
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live→lives;
live→lived;
live→lived;
live→living。
三.结尾为只有一个辅音的重读闭音节词,直接加-s,或双写此辅音,再加-ed,-ed,-ing,例如:
stop→stops;
stop→stopped;
stop→stopped;
stop→stopping。
四.1.结尾为辅音+y的结构时,把y变i加-es,-ed,-ed,或直接加-ing,例如:
study→studies;
study→studied;
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study→studied;
study→studying
2.结尾为元音+y的结构是,直接加-s,-ed,-ed,-ing,例如:
play→plays;
play→played;
play→played;
play→playing。
五.结尾为-ie,去ie变y+ing,例如:
lie→lying;
die→dying。
(另:lie,lies,lied,lied,lying说谎
lie,lies,lay,lain,lying 躺,平放,位于
lay,lays,laid,laid,laying 放置,产卵)
六.以r音节结尾的词,直接加-s,双写r加-ed,-ed,-ing,例如:
prefer→prefers;
prefer→preferred;
prefer→preferred;
prefer→preferring。
(另:以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词,变第三人称单数时,加-es,例如:miss,fixes,teaches,washes,goes。动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时,be改为am,遇有主语是第二人称时,be改为are,遇有主语是第三人称单数时,be改为is。have变第三人称单数时,变成has。)
七.英语动词原形变过去式、过去分词不加-ed的八种情况
1.AAA型(原形→原形→原型)
原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
read read read 读
cut cut cut 切,割
let let let 让
put put put 放
cost cost cost 花费,值
hit hit hit 撞,击
t t t 安排,安置
2.ABA型(原形→过去式→原型)
原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
become became become 成为
come came come 来
run ran run 跑
3.ABC型
(1)ow →ew →own
原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
blow blew blown 吹
draw drew drawn 画台球有几个球
grow grew grown 生长
know knew known 知道
fly flew flown 飞
(2) i→a →u
原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
begin began begun 开始
冬天适合去哪旅游
drink drank drunk 喝
sing sang sung 唱
swim swam swum 游泳
ring rang rung 打电话
(3)原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n
原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
wear wore worn 穿
forget forgot forgotten 忘记
speak spoke spoken 说
freeze froze frozen 冻
choo cho chon 选择
(4)原形→过去式→原型+(e)n
原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
eat ate eaten 吃
forbid forbade forbidden 禁止
give gave given 给
ride rode ridden 骑
e saw en 看见
write wrote written 写
fall fell fallen 落下
(5)无规律
原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
am/is was been 是
are were been 是
do did done 做非洲绿巨螳螂
go went gone 走
take took taken 拿
4.ABB型
(1)原形→ought →ought
原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
bring brought brought 带来
buy bought bought 买
fight fought fought 打架
think thought thought 思考
(2)原形→aught →aught
原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
catch caught caught 捉,抓
teach taught taught 教
(3)变其中一个元音字母
原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
feed fed fed 喂
meet met met 遇见
get got got 得到
hold held held 拥有
babysit babysat babysat 临时照看
sit sat sat 坐
win won won 赢
find found found 发现
(4)原型
原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
feel felt felt 感到
keep kept kept 保持
leave left left 离开易经全文
sleep slept slept 睡
sweep swept swept 扫
(5)变其中一个辅音字母
原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
build built built 建造
hear heard heard 听见
make made made 制造
mean meant meant 意思
nd nt nt 送,寄
spend spent spent 花费
deal dealt dealt 处理
(6)辅音字母和元音字母都变
原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
have had had 有,吃
Lay lain lain 放
lo lost lost 丢失
pay paid paid 付钱
say said said 说
ll sold sold 卖
tell told told 告诉
stand stood stood 站
5.AAB型
原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
beat beat beaten 打败
6.有两种形式
原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
bear bore born 生
bore borne
hang hanged hanged 吊死
hung hung 挂
learn learned learned 学
learnt learnt
show showed showed 给…看
showed shown
spell spelled spelled 拼写
凉皮调料水的做法 spelt spelt
burn burned burned 烧
burnt burnt
smell smelled smelled 闻
smelt smelt
shine shined shined 照耀
shone shone
dream dreamed dreamed 做梦
dreamt dreamt
wake waked waked 醒
woke woken
hide hid hid 躲藏
hid hidden
7.情态动词
原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
can could ∕ 能
may might ∕ 也许
must ∕ ∕ 必须
shall should ∕ 将要
will would ∕ 会
8.不规则变化
原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
am/is was been 是
are were been 是
babysit babysat babysat 临时照看
bear bore born 生
bear bore borne 生
beat beat beaten 打败
become became become 成为
begin began begun 开始
blow blew blown 吹
bring brought brought 带来
build built built 建造
burn burned burned 烧
burn burnt burnt 烧
buy bought bought 买
can could ∕ 能