高中英语题型专题
语法填空知识点梳理总结与练习
语法填空高考解读
语法填空题每小题 1.5 分,共 10 小题,总分为 15 分。该题目突出对综合运用语言能力的考查,着重在语篇中考查考生的语法运用能力,其命题特点如下:
1、长度: 200 词左右的短文。
2、命题形式
有提示词填空
无提示词填空
3.主要的语法考点:
有提示词:名词,动词,形容词和副词,词性转化
无提示词:连词,冠词,代词,介词,特殊句式
有提示词的填空考点梳理
考点一 名词
用n的情况:
①n and n 并列; ②(a/an/the)+ adj + n; ③介词+ n;
④a/an/the + n ⑤形容词性物主代词+ n ⑥序数词+ n
Many/veral/few +可数名词复数
Much/little + 不可数名词
Some / a lot of/ lots of +可数名词复数/不可数名词
名词复数变化规律
1. 一般情况下在词尾直接加s
Book-books tree-trees
2. 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词,在词尾加es
Glass-glass box-boxes watch-watches brush-brushes
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,把y改为i,再加es
Story-stories country-countries
4. 以o结尾的名词变为复数时,常在词尾加s,但有些名词要加es,它们是:黑人英雄爱吃土豆、西红柿
Negro(黑人)-negroes hero-heroes potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes
Radio-radios photo-photos
5. 以f 或fe结尾的名词变为复数时,一般直接加孕妇可以吃椰肉吗s,但有些以f 或fe结尾的名词需把f 或五星红旗简笔画fe去掉,加ves, 它们是:为了电饭锅美食自己活命,小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上,把狼劈成两半
Self-lves life-lives thief-thieves wife-wives knife-knives loaf-loaves leaf-leaves shelf-shelves wolf-wolves half-halves
练习题:
1. The _______ (express) in her eyes told me something was wrong.
2. Due to the _________ (apply) of this medical technology, some dias can be treated at an early stage.
3. She was unable to attend becau of the _____ (press) of work.
4. I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists eking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chine ____________ (painting).
5. The nurry team switches him every few ______________ ( day) with his sister.
Expression; application; pressure; paintings; days
考点二 谓语动词(考查方向:时态语态,主谓一致)
看到括号内所给的提示词是动词,第一步先判断是否考查谓语。
做题思路:
1. 根据主语与谓语动词的关系判断用主动语态还是被动语态;
2. 根据具体的语境来判断用哪种时态
3. 注意主谓一致,最后确定所填动词的形式
在确定谓语动词的时态时,可从如下三个方面来进行判断:(1)看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句;(2)在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时,要看上下文的谓语动词形式;(3)看一下是不是特殊句式。
常见时态
| 时态名称 | 构成 | |
一般体表示既不“进行”,又不“什么是投资回报率完成”。一般体中的一般现在时、一般过去时分别表示现在、过去的经常性、习惯性动作或状态;一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态。 | 一般现在时 | Do/does;am/is/are | |
一般过去时 | Did; was/were | |
一般将来时 | Will/shall do; am/is/are going to do; am/is/are about to do | Will:各种人称 Shall: 第一人称 |
表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作 | 过去将来时 | Should/would do Was/were going to do Was/were (about)to do | |
进行体 | 现在进行时 | Am/is/are doing(现在分词) | |
过去进行时 | Was/were doing | |
将来进行时 | Will/shall be doing | |
完成体 | 现在完成时 | Has/have done | |
过去完成时 | Had done | |
完成进行体 | 现在完成进行时 | Have/has been doing | |
| | | |
常见时态的被动语态形式
体 时 | 现在 | 过去 | 将来 | 过去将来 |
一般 | Am/is/are done | Was/were done | Will/shall be done | Would/should be done |
进行 | Am/is/are being done | Was/were being done | ----- | -----如何瘦脸 |
完成 快乐玩游戏 | Have/has been done | Had been done | ----- | ----- |
完成进行 | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- |
| | | | |
主谓一致的情况
1. We, you, they 或名词复数+each作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。Each of us, you, them或名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
2. 就近一致
谓语动词要和离它最近的主语保持一致,常用于Or, , ., , 在句子中连接并列主语的时候或者在there be句型中。
3. 就远原则
名词或代词+with, along with, together with, as well as(而且,和), rather than(而不是), but, except等+名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应该和第一个名词或代词保持一致。
4. Many a +名词, more than one+名词作主语,谓语动词用单数
练习题
1. Mary, along with her sisters, _______(attend) the conference regularly.
2. There ____(be) a cup of tea and some apples on the table.
3. We _____(make) model plane the days.
4. 高中英文怎么说He said he_______ (drive) the next day.
5. In the past few years, great changes_____ (take) place in my hometown.
6. This is the first time that I _____ (come) here.
7. By then he ________ (learn) English for 3 years.
8. A bridge _______ (build) over the river at this time last year.
9. The party ______ (plan) since last year.
10. The teacher told us the earth ______ (move) around the sun.
Attends; is; are making; was arriving; have taken; have come; had learned; was being built; has been planned; moves
考点三 非谓语动词
非谓语动词的形式:
To do 表示将来、目的、主动
Doing 表示进行、主动
Done 表示完成、被动
To be done 将来、被动
Being done 进行、被动
Having done 完成、主动
Having been done 完成、被动
做题思路
父母墓碑经典碑文大全1. 判定非谓语动词(在一个句子中,除了谓语动词之外的其他动词形式)
2. 找逻辑主语(非谓语动词动作的发出者或承受者)
3. 分析主被动关系和时间先后关系(逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间的主被动关系。非谓语动词动作与谓语动词动作之间的时间先后关系:非谓语动词动作发生在谓语动词动作之后,
用to do;同时发生用doing; 非谓语动词动作发生在谓语动词动作之前且表被动用done; 如果非谓语动词动作与谓语动词动作之间没有明确的先后顺序,若主动用doing, 被动用done,表示伴随的状态。)
根据非谓语动词的形式及其所表达的意义,判定出最终非谓语动词的形式
非谓语动词特殊用法
1. 被动形式表示主动意义
at/lo/dress/devote/absorb
devote onelf to 献身于;专心致力于;专心于;沉溺于
absorb onelf (in sth)使自己沉浸(于某事物); 使自己深陷于或专心于
lo onelf全神贯注于;专心于;沉湎于(常与 in 连用)
lie in; be located in坐落于
face sth; be faced with sth 面对
2.Only to do 表示出人意料的结果, 表示意料之中的结果,通常用only doing。注意:并不是表示出人意料的结果就直接用to do 形式,还要看是主动还是被动。