髋关节疼痛怎么办个 性 化 教 学 设 计 学 案 | ||
授课时间：2019年 月 日 | 备课时间：2019 年 月 日 | |
年级： 学科：英语 课时：2 | 学生姓名： | |
课题名称 | 初中英语句子成分-状语(adverbial) | 授课教师： |
教学目标 | 理解与掌握状语的意义及作用 | |
教学重点 教学难点 | 1.状语从句的种类；2.简单句与非谓语动词的转换 | |
设计意图 | 通过简单句与非谓语动词的转换学习，强化书写能力，为提升写作和书面表达能力贡献力量。 | |
教学过程 | 一、什么是状语？ 1.状语是用来修饰动词, 形容词, 副词或整个句子的句子成分。 2.状语的功能： 状语用于表示或说明事件发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式/方法、条件、方位、程度和伴随状况等，通常由副词(词组)来充当, 名词(词组), 介词短语, 不定式短语, -ed分词短语, -ing分词短语,从句也可以作状语。副词修饰动词或形容词表示程度是简单句比较常见的表达方式。 二、状语的类型 1.程度状语：程度状语通常由副词或副词短语来充当，用于修饰动词或形容词，表明动作或状态、特点的程度。 副词(词组)作状语 E.g.1：We like this picture very much.我们非常喜欢这张照片。（very much表示喜欢的程度） E.g.2：The girl is really beautiful.那个女孩真地漂亮。（really表示漂亮的程度） 通常，多数副词都是由形容词后加ly变化而来的，常见变化规则如下： 一般情况下直接加“ly”，如： quick-quickly; polite-politely; sad-sadly; immediate-immediately; recent-recently; wide-widely; wi-wily 。 以“y”结尾的，且读音为 / i /， 先将“y”改成“i”，再加“ly”，如：happy-happily; heavy-heavily; angry-angrily; busy-busily。但是如果读音为 / ai /， 直接加ly，如： shy---shyly 以ic 结尾的词，加ally，如： economic-economically; basic-basically; scientific-scientifically; automatic-automatically; energetic-energetically; 但是public-publicly 例外。 以ple/ble/tle结尾时,去e加y，如： simple-simply; considerable-considerably; terrible-terribly gentle-gently; possible-possibly; probable-probably; incredible-incredibly whole、true去e+ly，如wholly、truly。 以-ll结尾时，只须加 –y，如：dull-dully; shrill-shrilly, full-fully 需要注意的是： 通常名词+ly结尾时是形容词而非副词。如： friendly people; motherly care; lovely dog; monthly exam; a manly sport 有些词本身既可以是形容词又可以是副词。如：fast, hard, early。 2.时间状语：表明事件发生的时间。 E.g.1：She went to Beijing last Saturday.她上周六去了北京。（last Saturday表示去北京的时间） E.g.2：The meeting will begin at in the morning.会议将于早晨9点开始。（at 表示会议开始的时间） 3.地点状语：表明事件发生的地点。 E.g.1：She was born in a small village.她出生在一个小村庄。（in a small village表示出生的地点） E.g.2：We will leave for Shanghai.我们将要去上海。（Shanghai表示要去的目的地） 4.原因状语：表明事件发生的原因。 E.g.1：Thank you for your help.感谢你的帮助。（for your help表示感谢的原因） E.g.2：Some people in Hong Kong participated in the riot becau of their personal interests.一些香港人由于他们的个人利益而参与暴乱。（becau of their personal interests表示参与暴乱的原因） E.g.3：Much interested, he agreed to give it a try.由于比较感兴趣，他同意尝试一下。（Much interested表示同意尝试的原因） 5.目的状语：表明事件发生的目的。 E.g.1：They come to express their great gratitude to you.他们来是为了向你表达感谢。（ to express their great gratitude to you表示来的目的） 年俗E.g.2：My father bought a cell phone for me.爸爸为我买了一部手机。（for me表示买手机的对象，表示目的） 6.结果状语：表明事件发生导致的结果。 E.g.1：She was so excited that she burst into tears.她太激动了以致于泪流满面。（ that she burst into tears表示如此激动所导致的结果） E.g.2：He removed the big stone,only to find a small part of the map.他搬开了大石头，（却）只发现了地图的一小部分。（only to find a small part of the map表示搬开大石头后的结果） 7.方式状语：表明事件发生方式。 E.g.1：She goes school by bus every day.她每天坐公交车去上学。（ by bus表示去学校的方式） E.g.2：He told the story in a funny way.他用一种滑稽的方式讲了这个故事。（in a funny way表示讲故事的方式） 8.条件状语：表明事件发生的条件或要求。 E.g.1：If necessary,the army should be permitted to stop the riot.如果有必要的话，应该允许军队制止暴乱。（ by bus表示去学校的方式） E.g.2：Weather permitting, we will go for a picnic.天气允许的话，我们会去野餐。（Weather permitting表示我们会去野餐的前提条件） 9.方位状语：表明事件发生的地理位置。 E.g.1：She bought a computer in the central shop.她在中心商场买了一台电脑。（ in the central shop表示买电脑的地点） E.g.2：Dandong lies on the Yalujiang River.丹东位于鸭绿江畔。（on the Yalujiang River表示丹东的地理位置） 10.伴随状语：伴随状语是指状语的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的主语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。 E.g.1：He sat in the armchair, reading a newspaper.他坐在扶手椅里读报。（reading a newspaper与坐在扶手椅上同时发生） E.g.2：The little girls were playing with snow with their hands frozen red.小女孩们在玩雪，手都冻红了。（with their hands frozen red表示小女孩玩雪时候手的状态） 三、状语从句（Adverbial Clau） 当用句子代替简单句的状语成分时，这样的复合句就叫状语从句。状语从句的作用与副词的作用相同，仍然起到副词的作用，即可用于修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。 状语从句根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。 四、状语从句的类型 1.时间状语从句 常用引导词：when（在…时）, as（当…时）, while（在…期间）, as soon as（一……就……）, before（在…之前）, after（在...之后）, since（自从...以来） , until（直到…才）until/till(直到…时）等 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the cond, every time, the day，the instant（ 瞬间，顷刻）, immediately , directly（不久，立即）, no sooner … than（一...就...）, hardly …when（刚一...就...） , scarcely … when（刚...就.../一...就...）,as soon as(一…就…)。 注：当用no sooner … than，hardly …when，scarcely … when作为引导词的时候，从句要部分倒装。 E.g.1：I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. 直到我成为了一个成年人我才意识到我的母亲是多么的特殊。 E.g.2：While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. 当约翰看电视时，他的妻子正在做饭。 E.g.3：The children ran away from the orchard(果园), the moment they saw the guard. 孩子们一看到守卫就逃出了果园。 E.g.4：No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.我一到家就开始下雨了。 E.g.5：Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. 每当我听取你的建议时，我就会惹上麻烦。 2.地点状语从句 常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere E.g.1：Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. 一般来说，有工厂的地方空气污染就严重。 E.g.2：Wherever you go, you should work hard. 无论你去哪里，你都应该努力工作。 E.g.3：Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible. 在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的或根本不可能的。 上古女神E.g.4：Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。 E.g.5：You should have put the book where you found it. 你应该把书放回原来的地方。 E.g.6：Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated. 哪里有了中国共产党，哪里的人民就得解放。 3.原因状语从句 常用引导词：becau, since, as, 特殊引导词：eing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that. E.g.1：My friends dislike me becau I’m handsome and successful. 我的朋友都不喜欢我，因为我又英俊又成功。 E.g.2：Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference. 既然每个人都到了，让我们开始我们的会议吧。 E.g.3：The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. 更高的收入税是有害的，因为它或许会阻碍人们努力赚钱。 4.目的状语从句 常用引导词：so that, in order that 特殊引导词：lest, in ca, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpo of , to the end that E.g.1：The boss asked the cretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them. 老板要求秘书快写函件以便他能在上面签字。 E.g.2：The teacher raid his voice on purpo that the students in the back could hear more clearly. 为了让后面的学生听得更清楚，老师有意地提高了他的声音。 注意，由for引导的是一个并列句，不是原因状语从句，但有表原因的意思，是并列连词。 5.结果状语从句 常用引导词：so … that, such … that, 特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that E.g.1：He got up so early that he caught the first bus. 他很早起床以便赶上第一班公共汽车 E.g.2：It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it. 这是一个好机会，千万不能错过它 E.g.3：To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night. 他激动到这个程度，以至于他昨晚睡不着 E.g.4：This news is exciting, so that he jumped up. 这个消息太令人激动了，以至于他跳了起来 6.条件状语从句 常用引导词：if, unless, not) 特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in ca（美语中表条件，英语中表目的）, on condition that E.g.1：We’ll start our project if the president agrees.如果总统同意，我们将开始我们的项目。 E.g.2：You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. 只要你继续努力，你一定会成功的。 3.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here. 如果没有人反对，我们就在这里开会。 8.让步状语从句 常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though 特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever E.g.1：Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal. 尽管我很尊敬他， 但是我却不同意他的建议。 E.g.2：The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. 老人都很喜欢游泳，即使天气很恶劣。 E.g.3：No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind. 不论他如何努力，她都不会改变她的主意。 E.g.4：He won’t listen whatever you may say.他不会听你说什么。 8.比较状语从句 常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较) 特殊引导词：the more … the more …（越来...越...） ; just as …， so…; A is to B what/as X is to Y; no … more than; not so much A as B. E.g.1：She is as bad-tempered as her mother.她和她妈妈一样脾气很坏。 E.g.2：The hou is three times as big as ours.这房子是我们的三倍大。 E.g.3：The more you exerci, the healthier you will be.你运动的越多，你就越健康。 E.g.4：Food is to men what oil is to machine.食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。 9.方式状语从句 常用引导词：as, as if 特殊引导词：the way E.g.1：When in Rome, do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。 E.g.2：She behaved as if she were the boss.她表现得好像她是老板。 E.g.3：Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us. 有时，我们用父母教导我们的方式教导我们的孩子。 办公风水10.伴随状语：伴随状语是指状语的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的主语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。 E.g.1：He sat in the armchair, reading a newspaper.他坐在扶手椅里读报。 E.g.2：All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。 | |
同步练习 | 一、找出下列句中充当状语的部分并用综括号“[ ]”标记，并指出其所表示的状语的类型。 (1)They worked day and night.（状语表示_______________） (2)We must rve the people heart and soul.（状语表示_______________） (3)I saw him two weeks ago.（状语表示_______________） (4)Many years later, he became a millionaire.（状语表示_______________） (5)I met my neighbour an hour ago. （状语表示_______________） (6)He said, “I finished the work two days ago.”（状语表示_______________） (7)I have en the film before.（状语表示_______________） (8)Could you wait (for) a few days for the money?（状语表示_______________） (9)Nothing happened (during) the whole vacation.（状语表示_______________） (10)She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.（状语表示_______________） (11)To everyone’s surpri, Mr. King refud.（状语表示_______________） (12)The whole family went to the beach to spend their weekend.（状语表示_______________） (13)She is too excited to say anything.（状语表示_______________） (14)All of us were shocked to hear the news.（状语表示_______________） (15)I was very plead to have been invited to the party.（状语表示_______________） (16)To get a good mark, first you need to study hard.（状语表示_______________） (17)My father was surprid to hear the news.（状语表示_______________） (18)It is too hot to wear the coat.（状语表示_______________） (19)English is hard to learn.（状语表示_______________） (20)Talking and laughing, the students left the classroom.（状语表示_______________） (21)Seeing from the top of the hill, you will find the park is more beautiful. （状语表示_______________） (22)Hearing the news, they jumped up and down with great joy. （状语表示_______________） (23)The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.（状语表示_______________）(24)Having lived in London for years, I almost know every place quite well.（状语表示_______________） (25)Having been shown around the lab, we were then taken to the dining room.（状语表示_______________） (26)Surprid at what had happened, Tom didn’t know what to do. （状语表示_______________） (27)Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.（状语表示_______________） (28)Tired with the journey, he soon fell asleep.（状语表示_______________） (29)He sat there, lost in thought.（状语表示_______________） (30) She bought a hou last year. (31) Every night he heard the noi upstairs. (32)山东招考院官网 There was a big smile on her face. (33)The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. (34)Miss Chung left the room hurriedly. (35)She loves the library becau she loves books. (36)I am really afraid of snakes. (37)The students followed Uncle Wang to e the other machine. 二、同步练习：分析下列句子是什么状语从句？由什么词引导的？de地怎么组词 路由器报价(1)Was it snowing when you left the cinema? 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ (2)Many of the stars cannot be en becau they are too far away. 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ (3)You must speak louder so that you can be heard by all. 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ (4)The boy is so young that he can't go to school. 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ (5)If you are not too tired, let's go out for a walk. 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ (6)If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely to bring your work home. 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ (7)Over time, as the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ (8)When it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ (9)Once the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover. 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ (10)We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it. 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ (11)It was not long before he returned to Beijing. 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ (12)Don’t hesitate to contact me if you have any question. 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ 属羊的是什么命(13)If you miss this chance, it may be years before you get another one. 状语从句类型：___________________________；引导词：_______________ | |
小结 | ||
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