英文单词的一些主要变化规则
一、 动词现在分词的构成:3点
1. 一般动词在词尾加-ing,如read-reading, cook-cooking, climb-climbing.
2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词,去e再加- ing,如make-making, type-typing, come-coming.
3. 以重读闭音节结尾的动词(词尾字母顺序为辅元辅顺序且重读的),双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ing,如put-putting, run-running, begin-beginning, 而look-looking词尾不是辅元辅顺序,故不双写最后字母,sharpen-sharpening词尾字母无重读,也不双写最后字母。
注:部分单词构成需特殊记忆,如lie-lying.
二、 动词第三人称单数(三单)的构成:3点
1. 一般动词在词尾加-s, 如like-likes, run-runs, live-lives, work-works.
2. 以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词,把y变为i,再加-es, 如cry-cries, fly-flies, study-studies, 而元音字母加-y结尾的动词,y不变,直接加-s, buy-buys.
3. 以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的动词,词尾加-es, 如teach-teaches, wash-washes, fix-fixes, do-does.
三、 动词过去式构成:4点
1. 一般动词词尾加-ed,如call-called, answer-answered, finish-finished.
2. 以e结尾的动词词尾加-d, 如phone-phoned, believe-believed, agree-agreed.英国属于欧洲吗
3. 中国美歌词以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词,把y变为i,再加-ed,如cry-cried, try-tried, study-studied, 而元音字母加-y结尾的动词,y不变,直接加-ed, 如enjoy-enjoyed, play-played.(此条类似动词三单及名词变复数规则,而变换为现在分词无此规则)
4. 以重读闭音节结尾的动词(词尾字母顺序为辅元辅顺序且重读的),双写最后一个字母再加-ed,如stop-stopped, beg-begged, fit-fitted.(此条类似变换现在分词)
注:不规则动词的过去式构成需单独记忆,如say-said, do-did, go-went, come-came.
四、 动词过去分词的构成: 4点
动词过去分词的构成与动词过去式一样,不规则动词的过去分词需单独记忆,如go-gone,come-come.
五、 名词变复数构成:5点
1. 一般名词词尾加-s, 如friend-friends, ca-cas,handbag-handbags, umbrella-umbrellas, 以-ce,-,-ze,ge不发音的e结尾的单词,同样是加-s,如licen-licens, advantage-advantages.
2. 以s, x, ch, sh, 和以辅音字母+o结尾有生命的名词,词尾加-es,如dress-dress, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, 无生命的O结尾的名词仍直接加-s, 如photo-photos,注意以元音字母加O结尾的词加-s.
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾截屏的单词,把y变为i再加-es,如baby-babies, city-cities, 但以元音字母加y结尾的单词仍直接加-s,如boy-boys, key-keys.
4. 肿组词以f, fe结尾的名词把f, fe变为v,再加-es, 如wife-wives, wolf-wolves.
5. Man,woman及以其结尾的名词,把man变为men, woman变为women,如policeman-policemen, policewoman-policeweman.
注:不规则名词的复数构成需单独记忆,如tooth-teeth, child-children
六、 形容词比较级及最高级规则
单音节词:4点
1. 一般情况下单词后加-er,-est.
2. 以e结尾的单词后加-r,-st.
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的单词,把y变为i再加-er, -est.
4. 以重读闭音节结尾的形容词,双写辅音字母再加-er, -est.
双音节及多音节词:
比较级前加more, 最高级前加 most,如beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful, expensive-
more expensive-most expensive, famous-more famous-most famous.
七、形容词变副词规则:6点篮球之梦(一般直接加ly,―元(e)去e加,―辅(y)改i加,le结尾e改y)
1.一般情况下直接加―ly,如:quick---quickly; polite---politely; sad---sadly; immediate---immediately; recent---recently
2.少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly。如:我心中的风景true-truly; due-duly,绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly,如:polite-politely; wide-widely; wi-wily; nice-nicely
3.以―个y结尾的,且读音为 / i /, 先将―y改成―i,再加―ly,如:happy---happily; heavy---heavily; angry---angrily; busy---busily,但是如果读音为 / ai /, 直接加ly,如:dry-dryly; sly-slyly; shy---shyly
4.丽的成语以ic 结尾的词,加ally,如:economic---economically; basic---basically; scientific---scientifically; automatic---automatically; energetic---energetically
5.以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y,如:simple---simply; considerable---considerably; terri
ble---terribly; gentle---gently; possible---possibly; probable---probably; incredible---incredibly,元音字母加le时加 ly,如:sole-solely,但是whole-wholly例外。
6.以-ll结尾时,只须加 –y,如:dull---dully; shrill---shrilly
注意: 有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如:friendly people; motherly care; lovely dog; monthly exam; heavenly peace; a manly sport
记忆口决:
现3单3两去4日常饮食英语(现在分词3点,动词单三3点,过去式及过去分词各4点)
形4名5六变副(形容词比较及最高级各4点,名词复数5点,变副词6点)