内容疆妥
嚣干多年戳莨,憋嚷俸舞修爨格魏先蓬入所知。在莲方,疆墨舞多穗在葵萋箨《诗学》和《修簿学》中就对臻喻滋行了系统獭研究,并确立了其螽两千年西方修辞学界隐喻研究的基本线索。在中国古代,“浞取诸身,远取诸物”熄认识窝描述攀糖鲢基本嚣鼷,“毙”毒“兴”是《涛经》枣主要转掰种表嚣手簸,“跑者,援:方予裙氇;*卷,托事予耪。”宅粕都满于我靠j当代豫喻研究的范畴。尽管人类单融把隐喻作为认知手段,但宦的认知作用直到20世纪80年代才爨剥语言学家静认霉释重视。Lakoff襄Johnson指窭,稳嚷莛天秘鲻渣楚懿、具体静经验建褐夔祭的、籀象豹概念的过褪。人类在总结自己的经验时,往往戳比较熟悉的概念描述和理解比较陌生的事物,从而认识人擞自身及其周围的世界。实质上,隐噙是一令试躲壤映射副另一个试麴域懿过程。
当代黼喻认知研究豫了隐喻试知韵本质特德、隐瑜认知豹形成视翻和誓作机制等方耐外,还面临辫~个重大课题。首先,应该对英语以外的语言的隐喻系统馥丈羹豹藻礁磅究,墩求涯甓不仅在英语辛,嚣盛在其德语富串,搔象愚绦都是部分避进隐喻来实现静。其次,建肖关隐喻概念系统的普遍性和相对性的润题。一方面,人裟的认知溜幼植根于日常的身体体验,而不同民族的身体体验却是相霹戆,嚣藏毒理壶稷设罄遽性憨稳嗡概念魏存在;另一方嚣,蠢予奏落褡验不麓独立于特定的文纯和社会之井,我们也有理由推论在不同文化的隐喻概念累统中应该存在麓异。然而,不同的语言、文化究竟在多大程度上表现出隐喻概念系统豹冥帮焉,帮是亟待遭遗蔸羲实实懿辩毙磁究来辩答懿阕嚣。燕拓墨藏瀑笼整蘑谎的:
“揩鞠事物的舜闷所在不赡,撩究它们储戳有此异同就不那么容易了。而这恰恰魁对比研究的墩终目的”。
本论文献诀彝语言学簸角度愆荚汉嚣释嚣鬻诿害串毒太樊爱莲整露裙荚麓人体、空间、时间、情瓣和基本颜能铸五个方面的隐喻进行系统的对比研究。全文共分九耀。
柠檬蜂蜜水
第一鬻隽导言聱努,主要论述了选题燕缘蠡,提出了零漂题熬磅究薮设,疑而确定了沭课题的研究髑标,并且确班了课题研究所使用的斑籍研究方法。
第二章憝育关国内外隐喻研究的文献综述,主要以隐喻研究从作为从属地憾的修辞格研究发展到独立的认知研究的过程为线索,对国内外从古代到当代的隐壤磷究遴蠢了麓要熬藐理髑慧缝,势盈农对国内努黪唆谤究现款努辑豹基疆土,发现问题,确娆本论文的研究目标。
第三章确立英汉隐喻认知对比研究的理论基础,本论文第一次从语言世界躐、溱囔谈熊鹣酱逮整、系绞毪敬爱与文纯黪一熬毪簿方瑟对荚汶瓣猿谈躲慰魄的理论基础il}行了探讨和阚释。
第四章主要从人体隐嗡化认知的工作机制及其特点、在英汉两种语言中的投瓣貘式与对震程痰虢及英汉语孛斡往势分毒等兄令方瑟采集孛探讨英汉语孛入体隐喻认知的共性和差异性及其原因。
第五章囊簧考察荚汉两种语言在空间关系的选择和表达形式方面以及对数鬃、状态、蕊黧、桂会芙系
等方瑟夔空瓣貉嗡证谈鳎,骞舞稳觳耪举霹及萁鹜嚣的原因是什么。
面霜和乳液
婆罗门女第六章烹簧对英汉两种语言中时间的空间隐喻化认知、结构隐喻化认知、本俸貉嘧往试躲这三静类墼黥瓣浚方式逶纷系统魏对毙疆究,鞋期笈蠛宅髓之闰懿异同,并对熟中产生异同的原因加以探讨。
第七章以人类四种基本情感,喜悦、愤怒、恐惧和悲哀的隐喻表达作研究对教,霹荚汉嚣鬻语言审熬祷感戆嚷试簸徽送一步懿毅祭、羯绫窝转耩,魄较全嚣地找出英汉两种语言的情感隐喻概念系统有哪些异同,并对其异同的原因进行分孝斤和论述,从而帮助人们避~步了解情感隐喻的实质。
第A章豢豢获久类对颜色静谈翔及蒸零颜色试谖蠡馨豫喻形成税镯等蕉菠辩由基本颜色词语组成的隐喻认知功能进行论述,并在此基础上对荚汉两种语言巾的基本颜色臆喻化认知进行系统的对比研究,以期发现它们的异嗣,并对其产生辩囊豹舔霾遴行分耩论述。
第九章为结论部分t擞黉对本论文所讨论的内容进行总结和概括,指出有镣予深入研究的问题。
关键词:隐喻认知;人体;空间;时间;情感;基本颜色;对比研究;英语;汉语
Abstract
Metaphor,船afigureofspeech.WaSfamiliartopeopl
eover2000yearsago.IntheWest,AristotlemadeasystematicstudyofmetaphorintwoofhisworksPoeticsandRhetoricandestablishedtheprinciplecluestothestudyofmetaphorsintheWesternrhetoricfield.InancientChina,tocognizeanddescribethings,peoplefollowedtheprinciples‘'Nearathand,inhisownperson,hefoundthingsforconsideration,andthesameatadistance,inthingsingeneral.”Bi(almostthesameassimileinancientChinese)”andm略(almostthesame觞metaphorinancientChinese)aretwoofthemainfigurationsintheBookofPoetry.Biisafigureof
删除空行meansofcomparisonwithotherthingswhileX/ngimpliesinterpretationbyspeechby
meansofcomparisonwitllthesimilaritiesofotherthings.Botharenowincludedinmodemmetaphorrese
arch.Thecognitivefunctionofmetaphorswasnotrecognizedandemphasizeduntil1980salthoughithadbeenregarded觞onewayofcognition.LakoffandJohnsonpointoutthatthemetaphorscomeoutofOurclearlydelineatedandconcreteexperiencesandallowUStoconstructhighlyabstractandelaborateconcepts.Summarizingtheirownexperiences,peopletendtodescribeandcomprehendunfamiliarthingswitllfamiliarconceptsSOastoknowaboutthemselvesandthethingsaroundthem.Virtually,metaphoristheprocessofonecognitivefieldmappedontoanother.
Themodemresearchofmetaphoricalcognitionfacesanotherimportantissuebesidesthestudyoftheessentialfeaturesofthemetaphoricalcognition,themechanismofitsformationandoperation,etc.Firstly,thefundamentalresearchaboutthemetaphoric
alsystemshouldbedoneinlanguagesotherthanEnglishSOasto
andinprovethatabstractthinkingispartiallyrealizedbymetaphorsbothinEnglish
theotherlanguages.Secondly,theuniversalityandrelativityofmetaphoricalsystemshouldbealsodiscussed.Ontheonehand,humancognitiveactivitiesarerootedindailyphysicalexperiences.Therefore,thehypothesisoftheuniversalityofmetaphoricalcognitionexists.Ontheotherhand,thatthehumanphysicalexperiences
麻黄根
;j;
c锄otbeh_ldependentofacertainc111tll咒andsocietyimpliesthatthediversitiesbetweenmemphoficalsystemsinvariousculturesexist.However,thede
greesofthedi岱。rencesandthesimilaritiesbetweendifferentlanguagesandculturesaresuch
questionsthatareurgenttobeworthansweringbycontrasfivestudies.Justas
Mr.¨
Shuxiangsays,‘‘Topointout
thedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweenthingsiseasy,buttoexplorewhytheyalequitedifferentandsimilarisnotSOeasy.Andthatistheultimateobjectiveofcon廿asfiveresearch.’’
Intermsofcognitivelinguistics,thepresentdissertationisthesystematicandcontrastivestudyofmetaphorsreflectedinhumanbodies,space,time,basicemotionsandbasiccolorsthatarerelatedtohu
manlifebothinEnglishandinChinese.Thewholedissertationiscomposedofninechapters.
ChapterOneistheintroductiondealingwiththe
reasonforthetopicselection,theresearchhypothesis,theresearchobjectivesandthemainresearchapproaches.ChapterTwoisareviewofliteratureaboutthemetaphorresearchhome
andabroad.Thischapterfollowstheprocessinwhichthedependentstudyofmetaphorasoneofthefiguresofspeechdevelopsintotheindependentstudyofmetaphorascognitivemeans.Therefore,thischapterisabriefpectinationandsummaryof
ancientandmodemmetaphorresearchintheworld.Besides,onthebasisoftheanalysisofcontemporarymetaphorresearchinourcountryandintheWest,Dewq
uestionsarcfoundandtheresearchobjectiveofthepresentdissertationisestablished.ChapterThreeestablishesthetheoreticalfoundationofthecontrastivestudyofthemetaphorsinEnglishandChinese.Thisdissertation,forthefirsttime,exploresandexpoundsthetheoreticalfoundationofthecontrastivestudyintermsoflanguageworldviews,theuniversalityandthesystemofmetaphoricalcognition,andculturalconsistencyofmetaphorsinEnglish
andChinese.
ChapterFouristhediscussionofthesimilaritiesandthedifferencesofthephysicalmetaphorsaswellasthecausesintermsofthefunctioningmeehanisrnandthecharactefisticsofhumanphysicalmetaphoricalcognition,themappingpatterns,thecorrespo
河豚鱼的做法大全ndingdegrees,andthepreponderantdistributioninEnglishandChineselanguages.
.v
ChapterFiveismainlyabouttheexpressionsofthespatialrelationship,thediversitiesandsimilaritiesbetweentheexpressiveformsandthespacemetaphoricalcognitionofquantity,state,scope,socialrelations,etc.inEnglishandChineseaswellasexplorestheinternalcaDses.
吉洪昌
ChapterSixisasystematicstudyoforientational,slrueturalandontologicalmetaphoricalcognitionoftimeinEnglishandChinese,inordertorevealthedivershiesandsimilaritiesbetweenthemaswell踮toexplorethecausesofsimilaritiesanddiversities.
ChapterSevenisthestudyoffourbasichumanemotions:happiness,anger,sadnessandfear.ThischapteristhefllrthercollectionandanalysisofthemetaphoricalcognitioninthedailylanguageofEnglishandChinese,andshowsmore
comprehensivediversitiesandsimilaritiesoftheconceptualsystemsof
metaphorical
cognitionofthefourbasicemotionsinthetwolanguagesandanalysesandexpoundsthecausesofthediversitiesandsimilaritiesSOastohelppeoplegetafurtherunderstandingoftheessenceofthemetaphoricalcognitionofthefourbasicemotions.ChapterEightdiscussesthecognitivefunctionsofbasiccolours.OnthebaSisofthediscussion,thischapterstu
diesmetaphoricalcognitionofbaSiccolorsinEnglishandChinesecomparativelyandsystematicallyinordertofindtheirdiversitiesandsimilarities,andanalysesanddiscussesthecausesofthediversitiesandsimilarities.ChapterNineistheconclusion,mainlysummarizingandgeneralizingthecontentsofthewholedissertation,andpointingoutthequestionstobefurtherstudiedaswell
KeyWords:Metaphoricalcognition;Humanbody;Space;Time;Emotion;BaSiccolours;Contrasfivestudy;English;Chinese
抬举的意思