⼿把⼿教你如何⼿⼯排⾼深的弧⾓天星盘(芮⽒分宫制)?--纯技术内涵贴诚易堂出品,必属精品。
陈炳⾀按:计算宫度⾸先知道1o=60'=3600''。后⾯英⽂⽂献来⾃于“An Astrological Hou
Formulary”⾥⾯关于芮⽒分宫制演算部分。
清朝西洋传教⼠带⼊中国的弧⾓天星择⽇使⽤的其实是西占系统,如《天步真原》⾥⾯的内
容,它是⼀种芮吉欧蒙塔那司宫位制(Regiomontanus Hou System)⼜称为芮⽒分宫制,是
⼗五世纪的德国数学家兼天⽂学家约翰穆勒(拉丁⽂名字是Regiomonta-nus)所创。这种分宫
女生剪短发制的计算⽅式,是以天球⾚道与东⽅地平线的交汇为起点,在⾚道上均分12点,然后再将点以
南北极平于⾚道为轴⼼,投射到黄道上⽽确⽴⼗⼆宫的位置。虽然这种⽅式是从坎式分宫制演
变⽽来,⽽⼀直到普拉西度分宫制出现后才被取代。但是其对宫位精巧的构思,使得许多占星
家在进⾏时⾠占⼘占星术时也坚持使⽤。
The celestial equator circle is cut at thirty degree intervals starting at the Aries point, and the
points are projected onto the ecliptic using hou circles. This is similar to the Placidian hou
system, but without the complicated adjustment algorithm required by that method.
天球⾚道圈从⽩⽺座开始每隔30度进⾏切分,这些点再投射到黄道上形成宫位圈。这类似于普
拉西度分宫制,但没有复杂的调整算法所需的⽅法。
CALCULATION CONVENTIONS 计算规则
The following standard abbreviations are ud in the mathematics which follow:
防水补漏数学计算中使⽤下列标准缩写:
e reprents the obliquity o
f the ecliptic
e代表黄⾚交⾓
f reprents the terrestrial latitude
f代表地球纬度
ASC is the ascendant
辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义ASC代表上升点
MC is the MC
MC代表天顶
RAMC is the Right Ascension of the MC
RAMC代表上中天的⾚经
F, G, J, K, and L are working terms, unimportant astronomically
F,G,J,K和L代表计算时的术语,在天⽂学上不是特别重要
+. -, x (or, *), ÷, = reprent their normal arithmetic functions
加减乘除代表数学运算法则
贫困生家庭情况说明
SIN, COS, TAN, COT, etc. reprent the trigonometric functions
SIN, COS, TAN, COT, 等等代表的是相应的三⾓函数,这四个是正弦,余弦,正切、余切
For calculator purpos: COT = (1 ÷ TAN ) and vice-versa, etc.
⽤于计算的⽬的:余切=(1除以正切),反之亦然,其他略。
ARCSIN, ARCCOS, ARCTAN, etc. reprent the trig invers
ARCSIN, ARCCOS, ARCTAN等等代表它们的反三⾓函数。
H11, etc. stands for the offt to compute the cusp of hou eleven, etc.
H11代表计算第11宫宫头的偏移量,其他类似
C11, etc. stands for the value of the cusp of hou eleven, etc.
C11代表第11宫宫头的值,其他略
Standard computer notation parenthesis nesting conventions are ud throughout the formulations.
That is, three left parenthesis must be balanced by three right parenthesis. Calculations are always performed within the inner parenthesis first, and then outward to the outer parenthesis. Persons attempting the mathematics herein should refer to reasonable reference books if they are unfamiliar with trigonometric procedures. Particularly, the process of adjusting hou cusp calculations for the correct trigonometric quadrant can be somewhat tricky if not performed with care. Hou cusps which are over 360o or under 0o should be converted to lie between 0o and 360o . That is, if you compute a hou cusp as being 372o then this should be changed to 12 Aries. Add 360o to any negative values or results. Hou cusps with values between 0o and 29.99o lie in Aries; between 30o and 59.99o in Taurus; between 60o and 89.99o degrees in Gemini, and so forth around the zodiac and through the signs.
标准的计算符号括号嵌套在公式使⽤过程中有约定的规则。那就是说,三个左括号必须要三个右括号来平衡。计算的时候,内括号总是被⾸先执⾏,然后向外计算到外括号。任何⼈尝试算法,如果他们对于三⾓函数不是特别熟悉的话,应该参考⼀些合适的参考书。特别是在校准宫头的过程要计算正确的三⾓象限会有点棘⼿,假如不仔细演算的话。宫头数值超过360度或者⼩于0度应该转化为0度到360度之间。也就是说,如果你计算出来⼀个宫头的数值是372度,那么就应当改为⽩⽺座12度。任何负值应当加上360度。宫头数值在0~29.99度之间位于⽩⽺
座,30~59.99度位于⾦⽜座,60~89.99度位于双⼦座,其他黄道⼗⼆宫类推。PRELIMINARY CALCULATIONS AND THE PERSONAL SENSITIVE POINTS 初步计算和个⼈敏感点
1. The RAMC (the right ascension of the midheaven) is computed from Local Sidereal Time
(LST) by converting time units to degree units. An example of this calculation follows:
上中天⾚经是从地⽅恒星时计算得出的,通过转化时间单位为度数单位。下⾯是计算的例⼦:
Given an LST of 12H 15M 00S, then first convert this to a decimal form of time, or 12.25 hours.
炖猪蹄汤的做法12.25 x 15 = 183.75o which is the RAMC.
给定⼀个当地恒星时间:12时15分0秒,⾸先把它转化为时间的⼩数形式,或12.25时(这个应该没问题吧,15/60=0.25),12.25*15=183.75度就是上中天的⾚经度数。
Given an LST of 6H 27M 14S, then convert this to a decimal form of time, or 6.453889 hours. 6.453889 x 15 = 96.808333o .
给定⼀个当地恒星时间:6时27分14秒,⾸先把它转化为时间的⼩数形式,或6.453889,那么6.453889 x 15 = 96.808333度就是上中天的⾚经度数。
2. MC = ARCTAN ( TAN (RAMC) ÷ COS e )
MC:Medium Coeli,天顶位置,也就是10宫的宫头。等于上中天⾚经度数的正切除黄⾚交⾓余弦数值的反余切值。
3. ASC = ARCCOT (- ( (TAN f x SIN e) + (SIN RAMC x COS e) ) ÷ COS RAMC)
4. EQA = ARCCOT ( - ( TAN RAMC x COS e) )
5. VTX = ARCCOT (- ( (COT f x SIN e) - (SIN RAMC x COS e) ) ÷ COS RAMC)
6. CAS = ARCCOT (- ( (COT f x SIN e) + (SIN RAMC x COS e) ) ÷ COS RAMC)
7. PAS = ARCCOT ( ( (TAN f x SIN e) - (SIN RAMC x COS e) ) ÷ COS RAMC)
8. ARI The Aries Point is always zero of Aries.
陈炳⾀按:查了⽂献,真不好找,终于找到这些词汇的对应英⽂全称。前⾯两个没有问题:MC:Medium Coeli天顶, ASC: the ascendant上升点; EQA: the equatorial ascendant⾚道上升点(popularly but incorrectly, called'the east point'东升点); VTX:the vertex宿命点; CAS: the co-asce
ndant 偕升点; PAS: the polar ascendant 极圈上升点; ARI The Aries Point ⽩⽺点,还有包括⽉亮交点 the Moon's Node,包括北交点计都、南交点罗睺合称为the personal nsitive points。
9. The declination of any point on the ecliptic can be calculated from:
黄道上任何⼀点的⾚纬可以通过计算得出:
declination = ARCSIN ( SIN (zodiacal longitude of point ) x SIN e)
⾚纬=ARCSIN( SIN (点的黄道经度) x SIN e)
10. The obliquity of the ecliptic, for any date in modern times, is calculated by:
现代任何⽇期的黄⾚交⾓可以通过计算得出:
e = 23o 27' 08.26' - 46.845' x T - .0059' x T^2 + .00181' x T^3
where T is in fractions of a century starting from Jan 1, 1900
时间变化量系数T是从1900年1⽉1⽇起算的。1900年1⽉1⽇世界时00:00:00的儒略⽇是2415021。
陈炳⾀按:地球公转的轨道⾯(黄道⾯)和地球⾚道⾯的夹⾓是黄⾚交⾓。黄⾚交⾓存在缓慢的变化,这是由于春分点位置的变化产⽣的。黄⾚交⾓变化的范围在22°00′得到24°30′,变化的周期约为4.1×10^4年。上次黄⾚交⾓最⼩值约距今2.8万年。⽬前黄⾚交⾓正以每世纪约为46.84″的速度减少。2013年1⽉0⽇12正时(2013.0)的黄⾚交⾓为23°26′15.3308″。
THE REGIOMONTANUS HOUSE SYSTEM FORMULATION
芮吉欧蒙塔那司宫位制计算公式
1. Compute the RAMC, MC, and ASC in the normal manner. U the MC as the cusp of the tenth hou and the ASC as the cusp of the first hou.
以正确的⽅式计算上中天⾚经、天顶和上升点,使⽤天顶作为第⼗宫的宫头,上升点作为第⼀宫的宫头。
2. Determine the following hou cusp intervals:
确定下⾯各宫宫头与第⼗宫宫头的间隔:
H11 = 30o H2 = 120o
H12 = 60o H3 = 150o
3. Set the equatorial intervals:
设置⾚道的间隔:
F11 = RAMC + H11 F2 = RAMC + H2
F12 = RAMC + H12 F3 = RAMC + H3
4. Compute the hou poles:
计算各宫的极点:
P11 = ARCTAN ( TAN f x SIN H11 )
信度和效度的区别P2 = ARCTAN ( SIN f x SIN H2 )
P12 = ARCTAN ( TAN f x SIN H12 )
P3 = ARCTAN ( SIN f x SIN H3 )
5. Compute the first intermediate values:
计算第⼀个中间值:
M11 = ARCTAN ( TAN P11 ÷ COS F11 )
数学手抄报初一M12 = ARCTAN ( TAN P12 ÷ COS F12 )
M2 = ARCTAN ( TAN P2 ÷ COS F2 )
M3 = ARCTAN ( TAN P3 ÷ COS F3)
6. Compute the intermediate hou cusps:
计算中间的宫头位置:
R11 = ARCTAN ( ( TAN F11 x COS M11 ) ÷ COS ( M11 + e) )
R12 = ARCTAN ( ( TAN F12 x COS M12 ) ÷ COS ( M12 + e) )
R2 = ARCTAN ( ( TAN F2 x COS M2 ) ÷ COS ( M2 + e) )
R3 = ARCTAN ( ( TAN F3 x COS M3 ) ÷ COS ( M3 + e) )
7. Compute the individual hou cusps as follows:
计算每个宫头位置如下:
C10 = MC C4 = 180o + C10
C11 = R11 C5 = 180o + C11
C12 = R12 C6 = 180o + C12
C1 = ASC C7 = 180o + C1
C2 = R2 C8 = 180o + C2
C3 = R3 C9 = 180o + C3
给⼤家亲⾃演算案例⽰范:
以2016年9⽉5⽇08:10,地点:宁波(121E33'00, 29N52'48)为例
第⼀步先求儒略数JD和时间变化量参数T
公式:JD =INT(365.25*(YYYY+4716))+INT(30.6001*(MM+1))+DD+J4-1524.5 YYYY是公元纪年,MM是⽉,DD是⽇
J4=2-H4+INT(H4/4)
H4=INT(YYYY/100)
INT(X)是对X取整,代⼊年⽉⽇得到 JD=2457636.5
时间变化量系数T=(JD-2415021)/36525=1.166748
根据黄⾚交⾓公式(上⾯提供的)
e = 23o 27' 08.26' - 46.845' x T - .0059' x T^2 + .00181' x T^3
计算得出e=23.4371(度)
第⼆步再求地⽅恒星时LST(Local Sid Time)
⾸先计算地⽅平时LMT(local mean time)
121o33’-120o=1o33'
1o*4=4min 33'*4=132c=2min12c
4min + 2min12c = 6min12c
根据东增西减得出
LMT=8h10min0c+6min12c= 8h16min12c
要求某地任意时刻的地⽅恒星时s可由下式s = m+So+Mµ计算。式中m为地⽅平时,M为与m对应的格林尼治平时,So为当⽇的世界时0h的恒星时,µ=1/365.2422。地⽅时m求对应的格林尼治平时M=m-λ。
So我们可以直接从星历表读出,为22h58'7'。宁波经度λ化为时间格式:8h6min12c
看图写作文s=8h16min12c + 22h58min7c + (8h16min12c - 8h6min12s)/365.2422=
31h14min17.3c
-24h
=7h14min17.3c=7.2381h
根据地⽅恒星时我们计算RAMC (the right ascension of the midheaven),也就是上中天⾚经的度数。
RAMC = 7.2381*15 = 108.5715o
既然相应的值已经算出,我们就可以推求天顶的位置:
MC = ARCTAN ( TAN (RAMC) ÷ COS e ) =-72.8674o + 180o(注:需要加180o)
=107.1325o 也就是巨蟹座17.1325o=17o7'57' 跟下⾯软件计算出来的顶: 17未⽉08'51基本⼀样。
我们再来推算上升点ASC的位置(其中f为宁波纬度29N52'48):
ASC = ARCCOT (- ( (TAN f x SIN e) + (SIN RAMC x COS e) ) ÷ COS RAMC)
=ARCCOT (- ( (TAN 29.8799 x SIN 23.4371) + (SIN 108.5715 x COS 23.4371) ) ÷ COS 108.5715)
因为计算机上没有反余切函数,我们需要换算ARCCOT = (π/2) - ARCTAN,这是弧度,⾓度是90o- ARCTAN。
上公式我们算出ARCTAN(- ( (TAN f x SIN e) + (SIN RAMC x COS e) ) ÷ COS RAMC) =
73.8301
ASC = 90o - 73.8301o + 180o = 196.1699o = 196o10'11' 也就是天秤座16o10'11' 跟下⾯软件计算的升: 16⾠⾦11'08⼏乎⼀样。
⾄于后⾯的东升点,宿命点不属于原来芮⽒宫位制的内容,就省略不再计算,公式在前,有兴趣⼤家可以⾃⾏演算。幸亏现在有软件,不然古代排⼀个星盘,花那么⼤的时间精⼒,的确是很累。有些星历表直接就标注了MC、ASC的位置,再进⾏演算就可以省很多精⼒,毕竟三⾓函数,特别是反三⾓函数,对于那些理⼯科基础不是很好的朋友绝对是⾮常头疼的⼀件事。
那我们来根据前⾯的步骤来进⾏演算⼗⼆宫的宫头位置都是如何确定的。
1. Compute the RAMC, MC, and ASC in the normal manner. U the MC as the cusp of the tenth hou and the ASC as the cusp of the first hou.
RAMC=108.5715o; MC=107.1325o; ASC=196.1699o; f=29.8799o
2. Determine the following hou cusp intervals:
确定下⾯各宫宫头与第⼗宫宫头的间隔:
H11 = 30o H2 = 120o