The British royal family
Abstract: The British Royal Family is the group of clo relatives of
the monarch of the United Kingdom. The term is also commonly applied to the same group of people as the relations of the monarch in her or his role as sovereign of any of the other Commonwealth realms, thus sometimes at variance with official national terms for the family. Members of the royal family belong to, either by birth or marriage, the Hou of Windsor, since 1917, when George V changed the name of the royal hou from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Members of the Royal Family carry out public duties; the individuals receive an annual payment known as a Parliamentary Annuity, the funds being supplied to cover office costs. Members of the Royal Family participate in hundreds of public engagements yearly throughout the whole of the United Kingdom, as formally recorded in the Court Circular, to honor, encourage and learn about the achievements or endeavors of individuals, institutions and enterpris in a variety of areas of life. The style His Majesty or Her Majesty is enjoyed by a king, a queen regnant, a queen consort, and a queen dowager. Female consorts of the British sovereign have not been created peers or peeress. Male c
onsorts, however, have sometimes been granted dukedoms.
初一作文大全Key words: the British royal family, the members, the public
role and image, Funding, Royal styles and titles, Peerages老年奶粉
1. Introduction
Members and relatives of the British Royal Family historically reprented the monarch in various places throughout the British Empire, sometimes for extended periods as viceroys, or for specific ceremonies or events. Today, they often perform ceremonial and social duties throughout the United Kingdom and abroad on behalf of the UK, but, aside from the monarch, have no constitutional role in the affairs of government.
2. The current members of the Royal Family
干磨菇怎么吃·HM The Queen and HRH The Duke of Edinburgh (her consort)
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TRH The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall (The Queen's eldest son and his cond wife)
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TRH Duke of Cambridge and Duchess of Cambridge (The Prince of Wales's elder son and his wife) o HRH Prince Henry of Wales (Commonly referred to as Prince Harry) (The Prince of Wales's younger son) HRH The Duke of York (The Queen's cond son) o HRH Princess Beatrice of York (The Duke of York's elder daughter) o HRH Princess Eugenie of York (The Duke of York's younger daughter) TRH The Ear and Countess of Wesx (The Queen's third son and his wife) o Viscount Severn (The Earl of Wesx's son) o Lady Loui Windsor (The Earl of Wesx's daughter) HRH The Princess Royal (The Queen's daughter) TRH The Duke and Duchess of Gloucester (The Queen's cousin and his wife) TRH The Duke and Duchess of Kent (The Queen's cousin and his wife) TRH Prince and Princess Michael of Kent (The Queen's cousin and his wife) HRH Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy (The Queen's cousin)
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3. Public role and image
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Members of the Royal Family participate in hundreds of public engagements yearly throughout the whole of the entire United Kingdom, as formally recorded in the Court Circular, to honor, encourage and learn about the achievements or endeavors of individuals, institutions and enterpris in a variety of areas of life. As reprentatives of the Queen, they often also join the nation in commemorating historical events, holidays, celebratory and tragic occurrences, and may also sponsor or participate in numerous charitable, cultural and social activities. Their travels abroad on behalf of the UK draw celebrity-like attention to amicable relations within and between the Commonwealth and other nations, to British goods and trade, and to Britain as a historical, vacation, and tourist destination. Throughout their lives they draw enormous media coverage in the form of photographic, written and televid commentary on their activities, family relationships, rites of passage, personalities, attire, behavior, and public roles. Senior members of the royal family often drive themlves instead of having a driver.
4．Funding
Members of the Royal Family carry out public duties; the individuals receive an annual
payment known as a Parliamentary Annuity, the funds being supplied to cover office costs. The amounts are repaid by HM The Queen from her private funds. Though always voluntarily subject to the Value Added Tax and other indirect taxes, HM The Queen agreed to pay taxes on income and capital gains from 1992, although the details of this arrangement are both voluntary and cret. At the same time it was announced that only HM The Queen and HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh would receive civil list payments. Since 1993 HM The Queen's personal estate (e.g. shareholdings, personal jewelry, Sandringham Hou and Balmoral Castle) will be subject to Inheritance Tax, though bequests from Sovereign to Sovereign are exempt.
5. Royal styles and titles
The style His Majesty or Her Majesty (HM) is enjoyed by a king, a queen regnant, a queen consort, and a queen dowager. U of the style His Royal Highness or Her Royal Highness (HRH) and the titular dignity of Prince or Princess are governed by Letters Patent issued by George V on 30 November 1917 and published in the London Gazette on 11 December 1917. The Letters Patent state that henceforth only the children of the
Sovereign, the children of the sons of the Sovereign, and the eldest son of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales would "have and at all times hold and enjoy the style, title or attribute of Royal Highness with their titular dignity of Prince or Princess prefixed to their respective Christian names or with their other titles of honor." They further state, "the grandchildren of the sons of any such Sovereign in the direct male line shall have the style and title enjoyed by the children of Dukes." Under the conventions, HM The Queen's children, the children of HRH Prince The Prince of Wales, HRH Prince The Duke of York and HRH Prince The Earl of Wesx are titled Princes or Princess and styled Royal Highness. However, upon HRH Prince Edward's marriage in 1999, it was announced that his children would be styled as earl's children, but no Letters Patent were issued to deny them their princely status or HRH. The Duke of Gloucester, The Duke of Kent, Princess Alexandra, the Hon. Lady Ogilvy and Prince Michael of Kent enjoy the titular dignity of Prince or Princess and the style Royal Highness as male-line grandchildren of HM King George V. However, none of their children have royal titles. For example, the children of Prince Michael of Kent are known as Lord Frederick Windsor an
d Lady Gabriella Windsor, the courtesy titles as children of dukes. They are not entitled to any royal title. The children of HRH
Princess The Princess Royal, HRH Princess Alexandra and Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, are not entitled to any royal title since princess do not transmit their titles to their children. An exception to this rule was when HM King George VI issued Letters Patent such that his heiress presumptive, HRH Princess Elizabeth, could transmit her title to her children. HRH Princess Margaret's son enjoys the courtesy title Viscount Linley as the son and heir of the Earl of Snowdon, while her daughter enjoys the courtesy title Lady. The children of HRH Princess Anne, The Princess Royal and Princess Alexandra have no titles, becau Mark Phillips and Sir Angus Ogilvy did not accept hereditary peerages upon marriage. Women marrying sons and male-line grandsons of a Sovereign are normally styled Her Royal Highness followed by the feminized version of her husband's highest title. The wives of royal peers are known as "HRH The Duchess of ..." or " HRH The Countess of ..." Thus, the wives of The Duke of Kent, The Duke of Gloucester, and The Earl of Wesx are "HRH The Duchess of Kent," "HRH The Duches
s of Gloucester," and "HRH The Countess of Wesx," respectively. Before her divorce, Diana, Princess of Wales enjoyed the title and style of "HRH the Princess of Wales." However, when a woman marries a prince who does not hold a peerage, she is known as HRH Princess [Her husband's Christian name], followed by whatever territorial or titular designation.
自制零食6. Peerages
Female consorts of the British sovereign have not been created peers or peeress. Male consorts, however, have sometimes been granted dukedoms. Prince George of Denmark, the husband of the future Queen Anne, was created Duke of Cumberland in 1683. Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, was given the style Royal Highness before his marriage. In 1857, Queen Victoria granted him title of Prince Consort; however, Prince Albert was not made a British peer. Prince Philip, husband of the prent Queen, was created Duke of Edinburgh and granted the style Royal Highness the day before his wedding Generally, the sons of the Sovereign are awarded peerage dignities to mark either adulthood or marriage. Originally, younger sons
of the Sovereign were not styled Princes; thus, to indicate their exalted rank, peerage dignities were conferred upon them. From the time of Edward III, nearly every son of a Sovereign surviving into adulthood became a Duke. Certain dukedoms were granted more often than others, including the Dukedoms of York, Albany and Clarence. Normally, a peerage once awarded to a member of the Royal Family is not thereafter granted to any person outside the Royal Family.
The Dukedom of York is generally created for the cond son of the Sovereign. The first creation was in 1384; the dukedom merged in the Crown in 1461. Every Duke thereafter has either died without heirs or succeeded to the Crown, and so has not been able to leave the Royal Family. The pattern of awarding the dukedom to the cond-eldest son of the Sovereign was upt by George I, who gave the Dukedom of York and Albany to his younger brother. The Dukedom of York and Albany was next granted by George II to the cond son of his son, who had predecead him. York and Albany featured one last time as a dukedom in 1784, when George III granted it to his cond son. Thereafter, the dukedom has always borne the designation York, rather than York and Albany. The curre
白玉虎皮兰nt duke is The Prince Andrew, cond son of Queen Elizabeth II. The Dukedom of Albany rved a function similar to the Dukedom of York in Scotland. The dukedom was created in 1398 for Robert Stewart, brother of King Robert III. It was at the time the only dukedom other than the Dukedom of Roth says. It was created thrice more in Scotland: twice for the cond son of a Sovereign, and once for a brother of a Sovereign. It was last created in 1881 for the fourth son of Queen Victoria; the dukedom was then suspended under the Titles Deprivation Act after its holder fought on the side of Germany during World War I.
7. Conclusion
In the United Kingdom there is no strict legal or formal definition of who is or is not a member of the Royal Family, and different lists will include different people, tho carrying the style Her or His Majesty , or Her or His Royal Highness are always considered members, which usually results in the application of the term to the monarch. the consort of the monarch, the widowed consorts of previous monarchs, the children of the monarch and previous monarchs, the male-line grandchildren of the monarch and previous monarchs, and the spous and the widows of a monarch's and previous monar
ch's sons and male-line grandsons. The British royal family is a big and complicated royal family, and its family members lead an excellent and colorful royal life, which is witnesd by the public eyes.
References
·Project Britain- BRITISH LIFE AND CULTURE by Mandy Barrow;
·Wikimedia projects- most of the terms derive from the Wikimedia Foundation project, which I found on the Internet.
