2023考研英语:翻译试题精读(一)
2023考研英语:翻译试题精读(一)左迁至蓝关侄孙湘
考核原则科学与技术
The meanings of “science”and “technology”have changed significantly from one generation to another. More similarities than differences, however, can be found between the terms, (46)Both science and technology imply a thinking process, both are concerned with causal relationships in the material world, and both employ an experimental methodology that results in empirical demonstrations that can be verified by repetition. (47)Science, at least in theory, is less concerned with the practicality of its results and more concerned with the development of general laws, but in practice science and technology are inextricably involved with each other. The varying interplay of the two can be obrved in the historical development of such practitioners as chemists, engineers, physicists, astronomers, carpenters, potters, and many other specialists. Differing educational requirements, social status, vocabulary, methodology, and types of rewards, as well as institutional objectives an
手扒羊肉d professional goals, contribute to such distinctions as can be made between the activities of scientists and technologists but throughout history the practitioners of “pure”science have made many practical as well as theoretical contributions.
(48) Indeed, the concept that science provides the ideas for technological innovations and that pure rearch is therefore esntial for any significant advancement in industrial civilization is esntially a myth. Most of the greatest changes in industrial civilization cannot be traced to the laboratory. Fundamental tools and process in the fields of mechanics, chemistry, astronomy, metallurgy, and hydraulics were developed before the laws governing their functions were discovered. The steam engine, for exle, was monplace before the science of thermodynamics elucidated the physical principle underlying its operations.
In recent years a sharp value distinction has their bitter opponents, but today many people have e to fear technology much more than science. (49) For the people , science may be perceived as a rene, objective source for understanding the eternal la
ws of nature, whereas the practical manifestations of technology in the modern world now em to them to be out of control.
答案
46.科学与技术都包含有一种思维的过程，两者都涉及到物质世界的因果关系，两者都运用了一套实验的方法论，这种方法论所产生的是可以通过重复得以验证的经历性的实证结果。
47.至少在理论上，科学较少地关心其研究成果的实用性，而更多地关注于归纳出普遍的法那么但是在理论中，科学与技术却互相关联，无法割裂。
48.人们认为科学为技术创新提供理念，因此，对于工业文明中的任何一次意义重大的进步，纯理论的研究是不可少的，当然，这种观念其实是个神话。
五子棋套路49.对于这些人来说，科学或许被看成是一种平静的、客观的理解自然永久法那么的出发点，而如今在他们看来，现代世界里技术的实际运用似乎已失去控制。
读美文50.许多科学史家认为，技术不仅是先进的工业文明不可少的条件，而且在最近的几个世纪里，技术变革的速度已形成了自身的势头。
总体分析^p
啥时候最容易怀孕本文介绍了科学和技术之间的关系以及对人类的影响。出国留学的条件
第一段：科学和技术之间的相似性要大于差异性，它们之间的互相影响反映在各个行业的开展中。
第二段：技术的开展不依赖科学的开展，两者之间的价值分歧越来越锋利。而且，如今很多人对技术的恐惧甚于对科学的担忧。
第三段：技术的开展既有创造性也有消灭性。
试题精解
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46.[精解] 此题考核的知识点是：嵌套式定语从句、抽象名词。
本句是由and连接的三个并列句，都以both开头。第三个分句的主干是：both employ an experimental methodology，宾语methodology后接有一个that引导的定语从句做定语，该定语从句中又嵌套了一个that引导的定语从句(demonstrations)can be verified by repetition。由于有嵌套式定语从句，因此需要采用拆译法，从第一个that开场单独成句。
词汇方面：imply意为“暗示，意味然包含”be concerned with意为“与……有关，涉及关注，感兴趣”empirical意为“以实验(或经历)为根据的，经历的”demonstration意为“证明，论证，说明，证实”，由于它是抽象名词，可按照汉语习惯，采用加译法，译成“论证的结果”。verify意为“检验，查证，核实”。
