(三)主谓一致的三个原则
1．语法形式上的一致
烟花爆竹手抄报
主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
The number ot mistakes was surprising．
Jane and Mary look healthy and strong．
2．意义上的一致
留客1)主语形式为单数而意义是复数，谓语动词用复数。例如：
The crowd were running for their lives．
2)主语形式为复数而意义上是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：The news was very exciting．
3．就近一致
1)谓语动词的单、复数形式与最靠近它的主语保持一致。
①连词or，either…or，not only…but also等连接的并列主语，句中谓语动词就近一致。
A or B或Either A or B
Neither A nor B +谓语动词(与B一致)
Not onlv A but also B
Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting．
Not only you but also Mary likes this game．
Neither Jack nor the twins know how to spell the word．
疑问句中与靠近它的主语A一致。例如：
Are either you or she to blame?是你还是她该受到责备?
Are either you or he going to the movie?是你还是他去看电影?
Do either you or he have lunch at school?是你还是他在学校用午餐?
②在there be结构中，如果出现两个或两个以上的主语时，谓语动词通常与靠近它的主语保持一致。例如：
There is a dictionary and two books on the desk．
2)若渭语动词与主语离得较远，也可与靠近它的表语保持一致。
The most exciting event in Sydney Olympics for most British viewers
was／were the rowing finals．
What the Board needs to address now is/are the terms of the redun—dancies
(四)主谓一致原则的具体应用
1．名词作主语
1)当主语后面跟有as well as等引导的介词短语或其他从属结构
时，其谓语动词的单、复数根据主语的单、复数而定。
The teacher as well as the students was excited．
Everyone el，in addition to his parents，was excited．
My brother rather than my mother is going to attend the parents’
meeting．
2)某些集体名词作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用
单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：His family is going to have a long journey．
The whole family are watching TV．
The population in China is very large，and eighty percent of the
population in China are farmers．
The couple are spending their honeymoon．
Each couple was asked to complete a form．
①常见的集体名词还有：audience，class，club，committee，company，crew，crowd，enemy，government，group，party，public，staff，team，
youth，etc．
②在整体或个体概念不十分明显时，美式英语倾向于谓语动词用
复数，英式英语倾向于谓语动词用单数。例如：
Today，about a quarter of the world’s population speak/speaks English．
③在数念上不致引起误解，则谓语用单数复数均可。例如：
The public are/is requested not to litter in the park．
3)某些只当复数看待的集体名词如：people，police，cattle(牲畜，
特指牛)，谓语动词必须用复数。例如：
The police are arching for the thief．
Domestic cattle provide us with milk and beef．
4)单数形式的单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意
义决定单、复数。常见的有deer(鹿)，sheep(羊)，fish(鱼)等。例如：
A sheep is over there．
Some sheep are over there．
龙凤喜迎春
There are some deer in the woods．
The best fish smell when they are three days ol d．
麦当劳和肯德基
Fish begins to stink(发臭)at the head．
鱼从头烂起。(上梁不正下梁歪。)
5)复数形式的单、复数同形的名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则。
作单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之，谓语用复数。通常，当它们前面有a，such a，this，that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all，such，the，tho 修饰时，谓语用复数。这类名词有：
crossroads 十字路口means方法works 工厂
headquarters总部，指挥部ries系列species种类电脑怎么加密
A crossroads is a place where roads cross．
There are veral crossroads here．
The quickest means of travel is by plane．
Every means has been tried．
The species that live there will be facing extinction．
When a whole species dies out，we say the organism has become extinct．
说明：work作“著作”解时不仅可用作不可数名词，也可用作可数名词，有单复数之分。例如：
Shakespeare’s works include plays and poems．
Measure for Measure(《恶有恶报》)is a hard work to understand．6)以一ics结尾的学科名词，虽然形式上是复数，常作不可数名词，
谓语动词用单数形式。这类词有：
athletics运动aerobics有氧运动gymnastics体操
electronics电子学economics经济学mathematics数学physics物理学politics政治学statistics统计学
Mathematics ems difficult to him．
Athletics is recommended for the old．
Statisties is a branch of mathematics．
但当这类名词表示具体实践活动、性能、现象等时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
What are your politics?你的政治观点是什么?
小学数学学情分析
Athletics include all kinds of sports，such as rowing，running，ect . 运动包括各种竞技，如划船、赛跑等。
Statistics show that there are more boys than girls at schoo1．
统计数字表明，学校里的男孩比女孩多。
7)下列以一S结尾的名词作主语，谓语动词一般用复数形式。以一S 结尾的复数名词有下列几种情况：
①由两个部分构成的表示衣物或工具等的名词。例如：
Y our trours are really too short．
这类词有：
clothes衣服compass圆规chopsticks筷子glass眼镜
shoes鞋子scissors剪刀trours裤子scales天平
slippers拖鞋socks短袜stockings长袜
②以一ing+S结尾的名词。例如：
Our total earnings were about forty dollars．第一位皇帝
T1le surroundings are very satisfactory．
这类词有：
belongings所有物earnings所挣的钱findings调查结果
savings储蓄shortcomings缺点surroundings环境
③某些名词的复数形式含有特定的意义，作主语时，谓语动词用复
数形式。例如：
Riches do not always bring happiness．财富并非总是带来幸福。
My pains have been rewarded．我的辛劳得到了回报。
Manners make the man．举止塑造人格。
How are the sales today?今天生意如何?
My special thanks go to Prof．Brown，who suggestions have been a great help tome．我要特别感谢布朗教授，他的建议对我帮助很大．．这类词有：
congratulations贺词funds资金，现款damages赔偿
fireworks烟火pains辛苦regards致意
sales售货总量thanks感谢tidings消息，音讯
说明：①除以上词外还可参看本章“特殊的复数形式”一节的例词。
②某些以一S结尾的指单一事物的专有名词常作单数。，例如：the United States，the United Nations，etc．
8)名同所有格之后的名同被省略的情况一般只指商店、公共建筑财神爷壁纸
物、住它等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。例如：
The doctort's is on this side of the street．
My uncle's is not far from here．
常见的省略名词有：
the baker's．the barber's (指商店)
mv aunt's．the Johnsons‟(palace) (指住宅)
