被动语态
一、考点梳理
考点一 被动语态的概念与构成
1. 概念
语态是动词的一种形式,用来说明句子主语和谓语动词之间的关系。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
2. 各种时态被动语态的构成
时态 | 被动语态构成 | 例句 |
一般现在时 | is/am/are + done | The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天被打扫。 |
一般过去时 | was/were + done | The dumplings were made yesterday. 饺子是昨天包的。 |
现在进行时 | is/am/are + being + done | The room is being cleaned now. 现在房间正在被打扫。 |
过去进行时 | was/were + being + done | The car was being repaired then. 那时这辆小汽车正在被修理。 |
现在完成时 | 成人之家have/has + been + done | My key hasn’t been found yet. 我的钥匙还没有找到。 |
过去完成时 | had + been + done | The two roads had been built by the end of last month.到上个月末为止,两条公路被建成了。 |
一般将来时 | shall/will + be + done | A new hospital will be built next year. 明年将建一所新医院。 |
过去将来时 | should/would + be + done | Mike said a new film would be shown. 迈克说有一部新电影将上映。 |
含有情态动词 | 情态动词+ be + done | The work must be finished on time. 必须按时完成这项工作。 |
| 清明节来历 | |
桂林海拔
考点二 被动语态的用法
1. 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Some new computers were stolen last night.
昨晚一些新电脑被偷了。
2. 强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
The homework must be handed in on time.
作业必须按时交上来。
3. 说话或发表意见时,为了显得客观公正,也常用被动语态。
常用句型:
It is said that ... 据说……
花如It is reported that ... 据报道……
It is hoped that ... 希望……
It is believed that ... 人们相信……
4. 当动作的执行者有较长的修饰语时,需要用被动语态。
The plan was supported by tho who lived far away from the factory.
那个计划得到了那些住得离工厂远的人们的支持。
考点三 主动语态转化为被动语态的方法
1. 基本句式“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”的转换
主动句变为被动句的步骤一般分三步:
a. 将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语;千年女鬼
b. 将谓语动词由主动形式改为被动形式“be + 过去分词”;
c. 将主动句的主语改为被动句中介词 by 的宾语(by 短语有时可以省去)。
2. 句式“主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”的转换
含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句时,有两种方式:
a. 可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语,直接宾语不变。
My grandma gave me a prent yesterday. →
I was given a prent (by my grandma) yesterday.
b. 也可以将直接宾语变为被动结构的主语,这时,应在间接宾语前加介词 to 或 for。
My father bought me a new computer. →
A new computer was bought for me (by my father).
小贴士:
一般来说,间接宾语前带to 的动词有bring, give, hand, nd, teach, show, tell, offer, pass, take, ll, lend 等;间接宾语前带for 的动词有buy, cook, make, save, get 等。
3. 句式“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的转换
含有宾语补足语的主动句变为被动句时,可将其宾语变为被动结构的主语,宾语补足语留在原处作主语的补足语。
The man painted the door green yesterday. →
The door was painted green yesterday.
4. 祈使句的转换
肯定祈使句变为被动句时,用“Let + 宾语 + be + 过去分词”句式;否定祈使句变为被动句时,用“Don’t let + 宾语 + be + 过去分词”句式。
Keep the book on the desk. →
Let the book be kept on the desk.
Don’t put the knife here. →
Don’t let the knife be put here.
考点四 被动语态的几种特殊情况
1. make, e, watch, hear, notice, feel 等使役动词和感官动词在主动语态中与省略 to 的动词不定式连用,但变为被动语态时,必须还原 to。
I often e the old man run in the morning. →
The old man is often en to run in the morning.
2. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应视为一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
I can take good care of the little dog. →
The little dog can be taken good care of (by me).
考点五 主动语态表被动意义的几种情况
1. 不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见的动词有 cut, ll, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。
The books ll well. 这些书销售得很好。
2. 连系动词如 smell, taste, feel, sound, prove 等,可以用主动形式表示被动意义。
The apples taste nice. 苹果尝起来很好吃。
3. 不定式在某些形容词之后,如 easy, difficult, hard, impossible 之后,与主语有动宾关系。
The question is difficult to answer.
这个问题是很难回答的。
4. “have/get + 宾语 + 过去分词”这个结构也表达了一种被动的意思。
I’ll have the bike repaired soon.
我将尽快请人修理这辆自行车。
5. 作实义动词的 need, want, require 表示“需要”,接动名词时表达被动的意思,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
Your vegetables need watering (to be watered).
你的蔬菜需要浇水了。
6. 表示开始、结束类的动词如 start, begin, open, clo, finish, stop, end 等,可以用主动形式表示被动意义。
Class begin at half past eight. 八点半开始上课。
7. 形容词 worth 后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
The muum is worth visiting.
那个博物馆值得参观。
考点六 被动语态与系表结构的区别
1. 被动语态表示动作,而系表结构表示状态或情况。
The shop is clod at six o’clock in the afternoon.
这家商店下午6点关门。(表示动作)
The shop is clod today.
这家商店今天不开门。(表示状态)
2. 被动语态可以用于进行时,而系表结构多用于一般现在时或一般过去时。
The bridge is being painted. 这座桥正在被油漆。
The bridge is painted. 那座桥已经油漆完了。
3. 被动语态可以由介词 by 引出动作的执行者,而系表结构常跟其他介词。
I was interested by the story.
这个故事使我感兴趣。
I was interested in computer studies.
我对电脑课感兴趣。
4. 系表结构可以用 very, so, quite, too, rather, more, most 等词修饰,而被动语态可以用 greatly, widely 等词修饰。城市等级划分
I was not so satisfied with what you did.
我对你做的不是很满意。
I was greatly moved by this moving story.
我被这个感人的故事深深感动了。
5. 谓语动词带有时间、地点或方式状语时,多半是被动语态。
The window was broken yesterday.
这个窗户是昨天被打破的。
6. 被动语态常由“be + 过去分词”构成,而系表结构除了用 be 之外,还可以用其他连系动词。
He became interested in English.孔繁森的事迹
他开始对英语感兴趣了。
5月23二、试题精练
1.(2022•青海)Our school held the graduation ceremony last Friday.All the parents ______ to cheer us up.( )
A.are invited B.were invited
C.will be invited