The Salinity of Ocean Waters
金合欢花语
红配绿下一句 If the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of the small changes are important. There are three basic process that cau a change in oceanic salinity.
帮一帮 One of the is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation - conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner the salinity is incread, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of cour, white crystals of salt would be left behind.
The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decread. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be incread by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decread by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.
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Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the a, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.
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A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of a ice. When a water is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, a water directly beneath freshly formed a ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of cour, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrea the salinity of the surrounding water. In the Weddell Sea Antarctica, the denst water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increas the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.
海⽔盐度
番薯粥 如果我们分析海⽔的盐度,会发现地区间只有轻微的变化,然⽽有些⼩的变化是重要的。导致海洋的盐度变化的基本过程有三个,其中之⼀是通过蒸发的⽅式即把液态⽔转化为⽔蒸⽓来减少海洋中的⽔分。这样由于盐留了下来,所以盐度增⼤。当然,如果这种⽅式⾛向极端,将会余下⽩⾊的盐晶体。与蒸发相反的是降⽔,如降⾬,由此⽔被加⼊海中,海⽔被稀释,从⽽盐度降低。这种情形会发⽣在⼤量降⾬的地区,或江河⼊海岸处。因此,盐度通过蒸发减少⽔分⽽上升或通过降⽔或径流增加淡⽔成分⽽下降。⼀般来说,在阳光很强烈的热带地区,海⽔的盐度略⾼于世界上其它没有热带那样多的蒸发的地区。同理,在江河稀释海⽔的海岸地带,海⽔盐度略低于其它海区。第三个可以变更盐度的过程与海洋中冰的形成和融化有关。海⽔冻结时,溶于其中的物质被留了下来。这样,在新形成
6个月宝宝体重的海⽔冰⾯的正下⽅的海⽔⽐在冰形成之前有更⾼的盐度。当然,当冰融化的时候,会降低周围⽔中的盐度。在南极洲边缘的威德尔海中,结冰过程增加低温海⽔的盐度,从⽽形成了浓度的海⽔。这些⼤密度的海⽔下沉,可以在世界海洋的深⽔域发现。
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