全球10大最严重有毒污染问题（图）
在许多工业生产方法中，使用汞、铅、铬等其它有毒化合物，长期以来，他们每年夺去数百万人的健康生活。但是，其实利用简单的防范措施就能有效地解决这个问题。
By David Biello | November 10, 2011 | 11
作者：David Biello 发布时间：2011年11月10日
The price of gold affects more than global finances; it also drives the world's most toxic pollution problem, according to new rearch from the Blacksmith Institute, an environmental health group bad in New York City. Miners in countries from across Africa and Southeast Asia u mercury to parate the precious metal from the surrounding rock and silt. To then parate the resulting amalgam of gold and mercury, heat must be applied to vaporize the mercury. Typically, heating occurs over an open gas flame, releasing the potent neurotoxic element into the atmosphere. What's more, the estimated 10 million to 20 million workers who mine for gold this way will all too often inhale the mercury, putting their health at profound risk.
铁匠研究所（Blacksmith Institude）是一家总部位于伦敦的环境卫生组织，它在一项新近研究结果中表示，黄金价格比金融市场的对人的影响还大，因为黄金推动激化着全球最恶劣的毒性污染问题。从非洲到东南亚，那里的矿工利用汞从环境中的岩石和淤泥中分离贵金属，然后加热gong金汞合金中分离出来。通常是在敞开的气火焰上加热，就把对神经有强烈毒害作用的元素释放到了环境当中。更为严重的是，估计有1000万至2000万的工人用这种方法炼金，他们都频繁地吸入汞，把健康置于严重的危险之中。
"Small-scale gold mining contributes to one third of the mercury relead into the environment today," says physicist Stephan Robinson of Green Cross Switzerland—Blacksmith's partner in the rearch and ranking—or nearly as much as coal burning by power plants. "This is continuing to increa becau of rising gold prices."
瑞士绿十字组织（Green Cross Switzerland）是铁匠研究所这项研究和排名工作的合作伙伴，它的一位物理学家Stephan Robinson说道：“当今被释放到环境中的汞有1/3是小型金矿
造成的，也可以说接近发电厂燃烧煤矿释放的量。由于金价仍在上升，污染还会加重。”
The rearchers estimate that more than 3.5 million people suffer from mercury-related health effects as a result of such artisanal gold mining, making it the world's worst toxic pollution problem in terms of number of people affected.
研究人员估计这种手工炼金方式使超过350万人遭受和汞有关的健康问题，以受影响的人口数量计算，成为世界上最严重的有毒污染问题。
The toxic top 10:
10大最严重有毒污染问题（按受影响人数排名）：
1.Mercury pollution from gold mining (3.5 million people)
第一位：炼金造成的汞污染-350万
2.Lead pollution from industrial parks (nearly 3 million)
第二位：工业园造成的铅污染-接近300万
3.Pesticides from agriculture (more than 2.2. million)
第三位：农用杀虫剂-超过220万
脱口秀英文4.Lead smelting (just under 2 million)
第四位：炼铅-接近200万
5.Chromium pollution from leather tanning (more than 1.8 million)
第五位：鞣革产生的铬污染-超过180万
产前
6.Mercury residue from other mining (more than 1.5 million)
第六位：其他采矿业造成的汞残留物-超过150万
7.Lead pollution from mining (more than 1.2 million)
第七位：采矿业制造成的铅污染-超过120万人
8.Lead pollution from improper battery recycling (nearly one million)
第8位：电池不恰当回收造成的铅污染-接近100万
9.Arnic in groundwater (at least 750,000)
第9位：含砷地下水-至少75万
怎么清理键盘10.Pesticide manufacturing and storage (more than 700,000).
餐桌前的谈话
克等于多少千克第10位：杀虫剂的制造和存储-超过70万
Notably, groundwater arnic is the only naturally occurring pollution problem—and it is in ninth place. Put together, arnic, chromium, lead, mercury and pesticides are the leading caus of such toxic hot spots largely created by mining, metal smelting, chemical manufacture, agriculture, heavy industry, tanneries and waste disposal, among other activities.
显然，含砷地下水是唯一自然发生的污染问题，而且排在第九位。整体来看，砷、铬、铅、汞、杀虫剂是造成这些有毒污染热点地区的主要原因，主要由采矿，熔炼金属，化学工厂，农业，重工业，鞣革厂，和废物弃置造成。
View a slide show of the world's worst toxic pollution problems
请看世界最严重有毒污染问题的图片说明：
ELEMENTAL MERCURY: The "quicksilver" pictured here in a miner's hand is ud to bond to gold in a slurry. The gold–mercury amalgam is then heated, usually in the open air, exposing miners, their children and the world to vaporized mercury—a potent neurotoxic element that caus developmental disorders and affects the central nervous system.
幼儿园规程
汞元素：画面中矿工手上的“水银”放入泥浆中用来和金结合，然后将金-汞化合物加热，通常是在户外加热，矿工和他们的孩子就暴露在汽化的水银当中，水银是强烈的毒害神经的元素，引起发展性疾病并影响中枢神经系统。
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER: Concentrating wastewater in industrial parks allows for shared environmental controls—except, too often, such technology is not employed, like the wastewater from an industrial park flowing in an open drain (pictured). Lead from battery manufacture, smelting, leaded glass production as well as from pigments, paints, ceramics, glazes and e-waste all too often ends up in the environment as a result, where it caus development disorders in children, among other harmful health effects. For example, the Malir River in Karachi, Pakistan, boasts lead levels of 2,170 parts per billion, or 100 times higher than the health standard for irrigation water. 网络短信
工业废水：对工业园区的污水进行集中处理可以对环境污染进行统一控制，但通常都没有使用集中处理的办法，就像图中展示的一个工业园在用露天排水沟排放废水。来自电池制造厂的铅，还有来自熔炼、铅面玻璃制造、粉末颜料、绘画颜料、陶瓷制造、釉料、电子垃圾中的铅，最后通常都是排放到环境中去，导致那里的孩子患上进行性疾病等其它不良反应。例如，巴基斯坦卡拉奇的Malir河，铅含量高达每10亿含2170单位，或者说高出灌溉用水的健康标准100倍。
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