1. 一般功能词汇
因果关系
→导致，产生give ri to, lead to, result in, be responsible for, prompt
解析：give ri to, lead to, result in表示一般性的“导致、产生、造成”；be responsible for 不仅表
示“为…负责”，也可以表示“产生”（being a source or cau），但多指“产生某种负面后果和不利局
面”；prompt表示“激发”（To move to act; spur; incite），有“快速产生”之意。
Fast-paced modern life is responsible for the consumption of junk food.
The bishop's speech has prompted an angry respon from both political parties.
Sharon Stone’s remarks about China’s Sichuan earthquake prompted angry respons from the Chine
public.
→产生于result from, originate in (from)
解析：result from表示“产生于”；originate in (from)表示“发源自”
例句：Youtiao originated in China.
→归因于attribute ...to, , be the culprit of
解析：attribute A to B表示“将A归因于B”；blame A on B，表示“将A（负面的）归咎于B”；culprit
本意表示“罪犯”(one charged with a crime or an offen)，比喻义表示“造成某种负面后果的原因”
（the reason for a particular problem or difficulty）
例句：Children today are getting increasingly overweight. Experts believe that excessive consumption is
the main culprit.
→使某人做某事prompt sb to do sth, motivate sb to do sth
解析：prompt指“令某人做出某种具体行动的原因，强调快速激发”；motivate指“成为某人的做
培训方法某事的动机”
Many great businessmen are motivated not but the desire for money.
→原因cau, reason
解析：cau指“造成某事客观原因”，reason指“用来解释的理由”。Reason并不一定就是cau.
跟cau有关的几种常用搭配：
真实原因real cau,
根本原因root cau, underlying cau
主要原因major cau, primary cau
可能的原因likely cau, possible cau
contributory cau
例句：The reason he gave for his poor academic performances is that he had recently went through a
emotional meltdown. But I know that is not the real cau.
Unhealthy eating habits have many other contributory caus.
事物数量
→几个veral, a number of, a couple of
解析：veral略显非正式；A number of 是正式表达。
A couple of days
Across the street from me there are a couple of police officers standing guard
→很多个可数a large (vast) number of, numerous, a host of, a legion of , a flock of , flock to do sth
解析：A host of表示“大量的”指”事物“。Legion本意指“军团”、flock本意表“羊群”，legion和flock 都表示“大量的某一类人”。
例句：Making public transportation free might create a host of problems.
Flocks of consumers are buying products that they have no real u for.
→很多，大量不可数a large deal (amount, supply, quantity) of
辨析：quantity指“可以装在容器中的某物”；supply指“提供的某物”
例句：a large quantity of drugs, a large quantity of food and drink, a large supply of oxygen, a large
supply of food
→很多可数&不可数plenty of
辨析：plenty of可修饰可数和不可数名词
→充足的sufficient, adequate
辨析：指“数量”、“质量“、”效力”能够满足需求的。
例句：sufficient income, an adequate supply of food, a sufficient supply of uful information
→不充足的insufficient, inadequate
→十分充足的ample
辨析：指more than enough，搭配较为局限。
例句：Ample evidence, ample opportunity, ample time
重要性
→重要的basic, fundamental, esntial, vital, integral, indispensable
解析：esntial表示“因为是本质，所以必不可少的”；integral表示“因为是构成整体的一部分，所以必不可少的”，经常出现在integral part这样的搭配中；indispensable表示“必不可少的”。
Pets are an integral part of the American way of life
→重要must, necessity, precondition, prerequisite, priority
解析：must做名词，表示“必要的某物”（Something indispensable）；prerequisite表示“先决条件”（Required or necessary as a prior condition）
If you live in a city, a car is a must.
The riousness of traffic jams highlights the necessity of controlling automobiles in cities.
In the modern society, having a college diploma is almost a prerequisite for/to success.
A sufficient TOEFL score is almost a prerequisite for applying for American colleges or universities.
→使…成为必要necessitate
Applying for American colleges or universities necessitates taking TOEFL.
Having music class necessitates buying musical instruments, which can be very expensive.
→紧迫urgent, pressing, imperative
Imperative表示“需要立刻关注或采取行动的”。（Compelling immediate attention）
炖排骨怎么做There is an urgent need for fresh water and ample food.
Pressing need/matter/problem
It is imperative to protect the endangered animals.
→不重要minor, condary, low priority, take the cond place
Protecting the environment is urgent, but it does not mean that investing in medical care takes a back
at
事物的大小和程度
→较大considerable, significant, considerably, significantly
→巨大tremendous(ly), enormous(ly)
→过度excessive, excessively
→极度extreme, extremely
在极端情况下In extreme circumstances, in extreme cas
→合理适度reasonable, reasonably, moderate, moderately
相似性
→相同的be similar (to), alike, comparable
解析：similar和comparable既可以做表语也可以作定语，alike做定语和状语。
The Chine culture and the Korean culture are alike (similar, comparable) in many aspects.
The girls are of comparable (similar) ages.
胎菊Lawyers and politicians alike （只能用alike）require a strong ability to speak.
→不同的different, distinct
解析：distinct表示“差异一望而知的，截然不同的。”（Readily distinguishable from all others）
Traveling in foreign countries allow people to get a taste of distinct cultures.
方面
→aspect, facet
解析：facet本意是宝石的切面，比喻义“多个方面中的一个”（One of numerous aspects, as of a subject.）
The Internet has had tremendous impacts on every facet of the modern life.
手工剪贴画→In terms of在“某方面”
变化
增加不及物increa, grow, ri
使…增加及物increa, boost
变少及物decrea, dwindle
使…减少不及物decrea, reduce, cut, trim, slash
越来越increasingly, progressively
时间
周记一则→开始advent
解释：advent指“某重大事件的开始”（The coming or arrival, especially of something extremely
important）
...the leap forward in communication made possible by the advent of the mobile phone.
→及时up-to-date, keep up with, catch up with
It is important to keep up with news.
→过时out-of-date, render…obsolete
The advent of digital books will render paper books obsolete eventually.
→代替take the place of, replace, supplant
→短期的temporary, short term
→长期的lasting, long term
→最终eventually
意愿
→强制mandatory
→选择optional屏风山
可能性
→可能possible, likely, probable, chances are good that, conceivable
possibility, likelihood, probability
解析：possible可能性最小, likely和probable最大, chances are good that相当于likely或probable客厅鱼缸摆放哪里最佳
If the public transportation system is made free, chances are good that bus or subway companies will
have difficulty operating.
There is a possibility (likelihood, probability) 相当于it is possible that；there is a strong possibility
(likelihood, probability) that相当于probable；in all probability和in all likelihood表示almost certain
→必定be certain to , be sure to, be bound to
解析：be bound to 表示“必定会”
The tuitions are certain (sure, bound) to increa if teachers are paid more.
→不可能impossible, unlikely, improbable
→可行的practical, viable
Solar power is now a viable alternative to oil-fired water heaters.一夜性
→不可行的impractical
利弊分析
→好事/坏事blessing, cur
→有益bring benefits to, benefit from
→有害cau damage/harm to
→改善，提高及物improve, enhance
→削弱及物weaken, undermine, take a toll on
→提供provide, offer, afford
→获得gain, acquire
→帮助be helpful to, be instrumental in, go a long way towards
Practice is instrumental in achieving top scores in TOEFL.
→培养develop, foster, hone
Foster an interest, foster a n of community, foster democracy and prosperity
