外文翻译
围棋是谁发明的Auto Transmission
First, an overview of automotive transmission and the development trend
Automobile available more than a century, especially from the mass production of motor vehicles and the automotive industry since the development of large, Car has been the economic development of the world for mankind to enter the modern life and have had a tremendous impact on the immeasurable, The progress of human society has made indelible contributions to the great, epoch-making t off arevolution. From From the vehicle as a power plant using internal combustion engine to start, auto transmission has become an important component. Is Generation is widely ud in automotive reciprocating piston internal combustion engine with a small size, light weight, reliable operation and the u of The advantages of convenience, but its torque and speed range of smaller changes, and complex condition requires the u of motor vehicles Traction and the speed can be considerable changes in the scope. Therefore, its performance and vehicle dynamics and economy of There are large inter-contradictions, which contradictions of modern automotive internal combustion engine by itlf is insoluble. Becau Here, in the automotive power train t up the transmission and
main reducer in order to achieve the purpo of deceleration by moment. Speed The main function of performance: ⑴ change gear ratio of motor vehicles, and expand the wheel drive torque and rotational speed of the Fan Wai, in order to adapt to constantly changing driving cycle, while the engine in the most favorable conditions within the scope of work; ⑵no change in the direction of engine rotation, under the premi of the realization of cars driving back; ⑶the realization of the free, temporary Interruption of power transmission, in order to be able to start the engine, idling, etc.. V ariable-speed drive transmission by the manipulation of institutions and agencies. Change the transmission ratio by way of transmission is divided into There are class-type, non-stage and multi-purpo three. Have class most widely ud transmission. It us gear drive, with a number of transmission ratio tting. Stepless transmission Continuously V ariable Transmission (CVT) transmission ratio of a certain The framework of multi-level changes may be unlimited, there is a common type of power and torque (dynamic fluid-type) and so on. Continuously V ariable Transmission Transmission development is the ultimate goal, becau only it can make the most economical engine in working condition Can provide the best vehicle fuel economy and optimal power in order to provide the most comfortable By the feeling. Today's CVT is a typical reprentative of the CVT
and IVT, however as a result of the reliability of Poor, non-durable materials and high cost issues, development is not very good. Comprehensive refers to transmission torque converter and the mechanical components have the level of transmission variable hydraulic mechanical Speed, the transmission ratio can be between the maximum and minimum range of a few discontinuous change for no class, but its Significantly lower transmission efficiency than the efficiency of gear drives. 2 By manipulation, transmission control type can be divided into mandatory, automatic and mi-automatic control to manipulate three - Species . Mandatory on the driver to manipulate the direct transmission gear shift control for the majority of motor vehicles ud Also known as Manual Transmission Manual Transmission (MT). Automatic transmission control lection of the transmission ratio (transmission) is carried out automatically. Just add the driver to manipulate Speed pedal, you can control the speed, also known as Automatic Transmission Automatic Transmission (A T). It is According to the speed and load (throttle pedal travel) for two-parameter control, stall in accordance with the above two Parameters to automatically take-off and landing.阳台墙砖
A T and MT in common is that they are level transmission, but A T According to the speed of the speed shift automatically, you can eliminate the manual transmission "tback" of the shift feel. However, A T also have many drawbacks, such as body complex, mechanical efficiency is not high,
high cost, reliability and control Sensitivity remains to be increasing . AMT (Automated Mechanical Transmission) is in the traditional dry clutch and manual transmission gear bad on the transformation of form, mainly to change the part of the manual gearshift control. That is, the overall structure of the MT cas the same switch to electronically controlled automatic transmission to achieve. Semi-automatic control, there are two forms of transmission. A number of stalls is a common automatic control, and the remaining stalls manipulated by the driver; the other is pre-style, that is, pre-lected pilot stalls, the clutch pedal in the down or relea the accelerator pedal, the for retirement or an electromagnetic device to shift the hydraulic device. In recent years, with advances in vehicle technology and road traffic density incread, the performance requirements of the transmission is also getting higher and higher. A large number of automotive engineers in improving the performance of automobile transmission study a great deal of effort devoted to the rapid transmission of technology development, such as A T, AMT, DCT, CVT and the emergence of IVT.
2003 Hyundai A T, AMT, DCT, CVT forum reached a connsus on the following:in the next Development, MT will continue to be the most widely ud automotive transmission, AMT will increa the proportion of the application, A T also Will occupy a large market share, CVT's u of certain limitations, can only be due to a number of small displacement Car, DCT (dual clutch transmission) will also be the budding growth. From 2003 to now, vehicle speed The
development of devices and the forum basically the connsus reached by connsus. By comparing the analysis, the traditional mechanical transmission is still the most widely ud vehicle change Speed. Although it has many shortcomings, such as shifting the impact of large, bulky, cumbersome to manipulate and so on; however, it also There are many advantages, such as high transmission efficiency, reliable operation, long life, manufacturing process mature and low cost. Therefore, if we can improve the mechanical transmission of the above-mentioned shortcomings, it still has great room for development.
Second, Manual Transmission Fault Diagnosis
Manual transmission at the beginning of the fault diagnosis prior to
Failure to confirm from other parts is not: to check the tire And wheels, to confirm the normal tire pressure, and the wheel is flat V alue of; to confirm instead of noi and vibration from the engine. Clutch , And steering and suspension, etc..
(A), skip file
1. Phenomenon
V ehicle acceleration, deceleration, climbing or vere vehicle vibration, the gear lever neutral position automatically jump.
2. Reasons
① lf-locking device of the ball did not enter the grooves or linked file does not meet the full-gear tooth meshing long;
② lf-locking device worn groove ball or rious, lf-locking spring is too soft or broken fatigue;
③ gear along the direction of tooth wear as a long cone-shaped;
④ one or two too松旷shaft bearing, so that one or two three-axis and the crankshaft axis of the heart or different transmission and clutch shell shell bonding plane of the vertical axis the relative change in the crankshaft;
⑤ Second Gear axis often axial or radial gap is too large;
怎么梳头⑥ the axis of axial or radial gap is too large.
3. Fault diagnosis and troubleshooting
Jump to file stalls Unascertained: After taking heat the entire vehicle, increa the u of continuous, slow approach to road test each file is determined.
Will jump to the gear lever hanging file stalls the engine off, transmission cover removed carefully to obrve the mating dance gear ca file.
① engagement does not meet the length, then the resulting fault;
② to reach a total length of engagement, should continue to check;
③ check mating wear parts: wear into a cone, then failure may be caud by;
④ check b-axis of the gear profile and the axis of the axial and radial clearance, clearance is too large, then failure may be caud by;
⑤ check lf-locking devices, locking devices, if only a very small dynamic resistance, and even feel the ball is not plugged groove (the transmission cover caught in the vice, the hand-shaking shift stroke), the fault for the bad performance of lf-locking ; Otherwi, the fault for the clutch and gearbox shell bonding plane and the vertical axis of the crankshaft caud by changes.
(B), arbitrary files供的多音字组词
1. Phenomenon
Technical condition in the clutch normal circumstances, transmission at the same time put up or two files linked to the need to stall, the results linked to other stalls.
2. Reasons
① interlocking device failure: if the fork shaft, pin or interlocking interlocking ball too much wear and tear, etc.;
② the bottom of the arc gear face wear and tear is too large or fork axis of the allocated blocks wear groove is too large;
杜甫的生平经历
③ball pin gear lever broken or the ball-hole, ball松旷wear too. In short arbitrary file transmission is mainly due to institutional failure manipulation.
3. Fault diagnosis and troubleshooting
① linked to the need to stall, the results linked to the other stalls: rocking gear lever, to check their point of view before, if in excess of the normal range, while the lower end of failure by the gear lever
ball pin and the positioning groove ball with or松旷, the ball is too large holes caud by wear and tear. Swung shift 360 °, compared with a broken pin.
② If the pendulum angle to normal, still not on, or linked to more than picking file, then the lower end of failure by the gear lever away from the limitations arising from the groove in (due to break away from the bottom of the arc-shaped guide groove face wear and tear or wear).
③ At the same time linked to the two files: the fault caud by the interlocking device failure.
下奶快的汤
(C), the difficulties linked to files
1. Phenomenon
Clutch technical condition, but can not be linked smoothly linked file into the stalls, often percussive sound gear.
2. Reasons
① synchronizer failure;
② Bending fork shaft, locking the spring strong, ball injury, etc.;
③ a shaft or a spline shaft bending injury;
④ inadequate or excessive gear oil, gear oil does not meet the specifications.
3. Fault diagnosis and troubleshooting
①Synchronizer check whether the fall to pieces, cone ring is conical spiral groove wear, whether worn slider, spring is too soft, such as elastic.
② If the Synchronizer normal, check whether the bending of a shaft, spline wear is vere.
③ check whether the mobile axis normal fork.
(D), abnormal sound transmission
1. Phenomenon
Transmission refers to transmission work abnormal sound when the sound is not normal.
2. Reasons
1) abnormal sound gear
Gear wear off very thin gap is too large, the impact of running in; bad tooth meshing, such as the repair did not replace the gear pairs. New and old gear with the gear mesh can not be correct; tooth metal fatigue spalling or damage to individual teeth broken; gear and the spline shaft with松旷, or the axial gear clearance is too large; axis caud by bending or bearing松旷space to change gears.
2) Bearing ring
Serious bearing wear; Bearing (outer) ring with the journal blocks (holes) with the loo; Ball Bearing Ma break-up or a point of ablation.
3) ring made for other reasons
Such as the transmission within缺油, lubricants have been thin, too thick or quality deterioration; transmission into the foreign body inside; some loo bolts fastening; odometer or the odometer shaft ring gear, such as fat.
3. Troubleshooting
①transmission issued metal dry friction sound, which is缺油and the poor quality of oil. Refueling and inspection should be the quality of oil, if necessary, replacement.
生活压力大
② for moving into a file if the sound obvious, namely, the profile of gear tooth wear; If the occurrence of cyclical noi, while damage to individual teeth.
③when the ring gap, and riding the clutch pedal under the noi disappeared after the general axis is a before and after the bearing or regular engagement ring gear; if any files are changed into the ring, after more than two-axis bearing ring.
三打白骨精故事
④transmission occurs when a sudden impact the work of sound, most of the tooth was broken and should be removed timely transmission inspection cover to prevent mechanical
