The future of biomedical materials
生物医用材料的展望
James M. Anderson
詹姆斯·M·安德森
Abstract
摘要
The purpo of this communication is to prent the author’s perspectives on the future of biomedical materials that were prented at the Larry L. Hench Retirement Symposium held at Imperial College, London, in late
September 2005.
这次交流的目的是为了表达作者的观点，这个观点是在2005年9月后期在伦敦帝国学院举行的Larry L. Hench退休座谈会上被提出来的。
The author has taken a broad viewof the future of biomedical materials and has prented key ideas, concepts, and perspectives necessary for the future rearch and development of biomedical polymers and their future role as an enabling technology for the continuing progress of tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, prosthes, and medical devices.
作者放眼生物医用材料的未来前景并介绍了主要观点、概念、将来实验所必须的透视图、生物医用材料的发展以及将来作为组织工程学连续发展、再生医药、假肢、医疗设备等的授权工艺。
This communication, bad on the oral prentation, is meant to be provocative and generate discussion.
这份基于口头报告的交流意味着将挑起激烈讨论。
In 养虾技术addition, it is targeted for students and young scientists who will play an ever-increasing role in the future of biomedical materials.
此外，它是针对将来在生物医用材料方面扮演越来越重要角色的学生和青年科学家。
Introduction平行四边形和梯形
简介
Over the past decade, rearch and development of new biomedical materials has turned from “passive” materials to materials that actively interact and integrate with their biological environment.
在过去的几十年里，新生物医用材料的研究和发展已经从“被动
法制宣传手抄报内容
的”材料转向和生物环境积极相关并成为整体的材料。
Unfortunately, this paradigm shift has not been matched by a requisite enhancement of our knowledge of the mechanisms of interaction between the materials and proteins, cells, and other materials within the biological environment.
不幸的是，这种范例的转变和我们必备的知识不相匹配。这种知识就是材料与蛋白质、细
京剧大师
胞以及其他生物环境的材料相互作用的机理。
Given the unique nature of tissues and organs, 简单蛋糕的做法we lack biological design criteria for the development of new materials and devices constructed from the materials.
考虑到组织和器官的独特性质，由于新材料和新设备的发展是从这些材料出发的，我们至今缺少生物设计的标准。
Additional constraints in our developing biological design criteia and structure/biological property relationships are our dependence on in vitro迷人的海 studies and non-human models in the development process.
在我们发展生物设计标准和结构的过程中，还存在额外的限制因素。在研究过程中，生物学性质的关系仅仅依赖于试管研究和非人体模型。
The history of biomaterials
生物材料的历史
As has been stated by many authors in many different ways, if we do not understand and appreciate the past, we are doomed to repeat it in the future.
正如许多作者用不同的方法阐述的一样，如果我们没有理解和领会过去，将来我们注定会重复过去。
Table 1 prents the author’s perspective on the history of biomaterials.
表1展示了作者关于生物材料的观点。
As exemplified by the change in font size of the word “biomaterials”, the first quarter century, 1950 to 1975, of biomaterials development was dominated by the characteristics of the materials intended for prosthes and medical devices.
正如改变单词“biomaterials”字体大小的例证，第一个四分之一世纪，即从1950年到1975年，生物材料的发展是以做假体和医学设备材料为主导的。
Important in the early days was the long-term integrity of the biomaterial as well as its non-toxic nature.
早些年，生物材料的长期稳定性和无毒性是很重要的。
Biological interactions that were considered included the non-toxic nature of the biomaterial as well as its normal inflammatory and wound healing respons when implanted.
在移植过程中，要考虑生物间的相互作用，包括生物材料的无毒性、常规的发炎以及伤口愈合的效应。
Many materials were described as being inert, but this was a confusing descriptor as it did not adequately and appropriately describe material changes following implantation or cell and tissue respons to the implanted biomaterial.
许多材料被描述成不活泼的，但这是一个让人困惑的描述。因为它没能充分准确地描述移植过程材料发生的变化或细胞和组织对移植的生物材料作出的反应。
It eventually became clear that materials could change without adverly affecting the function and interaction of the biomaterial, prosthesis, or medical device.
材料在变化中不会对生物材料、假体或医疗设备的功效产生不利影响最终变得清晰。
Likewi, modulation of the inflammatory and wound healing中国古代寓言故事 respons could occur without altering the function of the biomaterial, prosthesis, or medical device.
同样地，炎症的调节和伤口愈合可以在不改变生物材料、假体或医疗设备功能的前提下完成。
From a biological perspective, no material is inert.
从生物学角度来看，没有哪种材料是无效的。
From 1975 to 2000, biological interactions with biomaterials began to be more extensively investigated.
从1975年到2000年，生物学和生物材料的相互作用开始被广泛研究。
Advances in our knowledge of biological mechanisms, for example, the coagulation, thrombosis, and complement pathways, led to a better understanding of biological interac
tions with biomaterial surfaces.
在生物机理知识方面的进步，比如凝结作用、血栓形成、补充途径等使我们能更好的理解与生物材料表面的生物作用。
In the 1980’s, the revolution in techniques for the study of cell and molecular biology led to their application to the investigation of interactions occurring at biomaterial interfaces.
到达的英文
