Semantics
I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or Fal.
1.Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itlf， for example， within British English or American English.
2.Sen is concerned with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience， while the reference deals with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.
3. Linguistic forms having the same n may have different references in different situations.
4.In mantics， meaning of language is considered as the intrinsic and inherent relation to the physical world of experience.
5.Contextualism is bad on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to obrvable contexts.
6.Behaviorists attempted to define the meaning of a language form as the situation in which the speaker utters it and the respon it calls forth in the hearer.
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7.The meaning of a ntence is the sum total of the meanings of all its components.
8.Most languages have ts of lexical items similar in meaning but ranked differently according to their degree of formality.
9. “it is hot.” is a no-place predication becau it contains no argument.
10.In grammatical analysis， the ntence is taken to be the basic unit， but in mantic analysis of a ntence， the basic unit is predication， which is the abstraction of the meaning of a ntence.
II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given.
11. S________ can be defined as the study of meaning.
12. The conceptualist view holds that there is no d______ link between a linguistic form and what it refers to.
13.R______ means what a linguistic form refers to in the real， physical world； it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.
14. Words that are clo in meaning are called s________.
15.When two words are identical in sound， but different in spelling and meaning， they are called h__________.
16. R_________ opposites are pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items.
17. C____ analysis is bad upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be divided into meaning components.
18.Whether a ntence is mantically meaningful is governed by rules called s________ restrictions， which are constraints on what lexical items can go with what others.
19.An a________ is a logical participant in a predication， largely identical with the nominal element（s） in a ntence.
20.According to the n____ theory of meaning， the words in a language are taken to be labels of the objects they stand for.
III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.
21. The naming theory is advanced by ________.
A. Plato | B. Bloomfield |
C. Geoffrey Leech | D. Firth |
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22. “We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement reprents _______.
A. the conceptualist view | B. contexutalism |
C. the naming theory | D. behaviorism |
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23. Which of the following is not true？
A. Sen is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. |
B. Sen is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form. |
有鸟的诗句C. Sen is abstract and de-contextualized. |
腌鸡D. Sen is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are not interested in. |
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24. “Can I borrow your bike？” _______ “You have a bike.”
A. is synonymous with | B. is inconsistent with |
C. entails | D. presuppos |
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25. ___________ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be discted into meaning components， called mantic features.
A. Predication analysis | B. Componential analysis |
C. Phonemic analysis 狮子座与天蝎座 | D. Grammatical analysis |
你说我猜游戏规则 | |
26. “alive” and “dead” are ______________.
A. gradable antonyms | 由是感激B. relational opposites |
C. complementary antonyms | D. None of the above |
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27. _________ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-ling
uistic world of experience.
A. Reference | B. Concept |
C. Semantics 钟的英语 | D. Sen |
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28. ___________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.
A. Polymy | B. Synonymy |
C. Homonymy | D. Hyponymy |
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29.Words that are clo in meaning are called ______________.
A. homonyms | B. polymy |
C. hyponyms | D. synonyms |
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30.The grammaticality of a ntence is governed by _______.
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