Question 1
The Bretton Woods system of adjustable exchange rates effectively collapd on August 15, 1971 when President Nixon ended the convertibility between U.S. dollars and gold. In the same announcement, Nixon also impod a 90-day freeze on wages and prices, and impod a 10 percent import surcharge. There was not much shedding of tears for the demi of the Bretton Woods system of adjustable peg.
1971年，8月15日可调整汇率的布雷顿森林体系实际上已崩溃，尼克松总统宣布美元和黄金之间的兑换已结束。在同一份公告中，尼克松还实行了90天的冻结工资和价格，并征收10％的进口附加税。对可调整钉住汇率的布雷顿森林体系的消亡没有多少人遗憾。
A. Plea explain:
Why was there little regret amongst obrvers about the termination of this international monetary system. Was the lack of regret bad on sound analys?
为什么观察员对于这种国际货币体系的终止没表示遗憾。基于合理的分析是不是缺乏遗憾？Why was this particular combination of policies (wage-price controls, protectionism, and delinking gold and dollar) adopted by the US?
美国为什么实施这个特殊的策略组合政策（工资- 价格控制，保护主义，黄金和美元脱钩）？What are some of the major problems that are prent both in the failed Bretton Woods system, and in today's non-system of managed floating (where each country can adopt whatever exchange rate arrangement that it deems to be most advantageous to itlf)?
布雷顿森林体系失败的主要问题有哪些?，以及现在执行的管理的浮动汇率非系统体系存在哪些问题（每个国家可以采取有管理的浮动汇率安排，它认为对自己最有利于）？
B. Plea discuss the difficulties of identifying destablising speculation (speculative bubbles) in the foreign exchange market.
B.请讨论在外汇市场上做投机（投机性泡沫）的困难与不稳定性。
Question 2
When OPEC quadrupled the price of oil, some analysts expected
• a fall in output;
• a temporary spike in CPI followed by deflation
In your answers to the following questions, plea cite empirical support if possible.怎么包粽子
问题2
当欧佩克石油价格翻了两番，一些分析师预期
•产出的下降;
零零星星什么意思•伴随通货紧缩对消费物价指数的暂时盯住
您提出对以下问题的答案，如果可能的话，请举出实证支持。
2.1: What is wrong with this diagnosis?
2.1：这个判断有什么错误？
2.2: Why did US output recovered earlier and stronger than German, French and UK output?
2.2：为什么美国的产出恢复更早，并强于德国，法国和英国产出？
2.3: Explain whether an expansionary monetary policy would have succeeded in blunting the fall in output?
养胃的东西
2.3解释扩张性的货币政策是否会对迟钝的产量下降有效
Question 3
There have two phas in the debate on why China has avoided a transformational recession in the transition from a market economy unlike in Poland and Russia. In the 1st pha: one side of the debate, hence referred to as “gradualists”, have claimed that China’s success was due to the strategy of implementing reforms slowly. One of the justifications given by gradualists for their strategy of incremental reform is the necessity of following a required quence of reforms in order to avoid a transformational recession.回文对联
问题3幼师培训班
初中寒假日记为什么中国已经避免了从市场经济的过渡，不像在波兰和俄罗斯的转型衰退的辩论中有两个阶段。第一阶段：一侧辩论，因此被称为“渐进主义”，有人称，中国的成功是由于慢慢推行改革的策略。渐进渐进式改革的战略所提出的理由之一是为了避免转型经济衰退后所需的改革次序的必要性。
Plea evaluate this debate and explain why it had to move on to a cond pha (plea do not discuss the contents of the 2nd pha in your answer). You should explain why output fell in some tr
ansition economies upon reform, and why output ro in some others. In your answer, you might wish to include:
• a statement of the analytical position of the other side of the debate and an evaluation this cond position as well;
•an asssment of the “lessons from China for other transition economies” given by some gradualists, especially, an asssment of the issue that there exists a unique optimum reform quence; and
•the name of one country who output ro despite big-bang reforms and the name of one country who output fell despite gradual reform.
请评估这场辩论，并解释为什么它移动到第二阶段（请不要讨论第二阶段的内容在你的答案）。你应该解释为什么在一些过渡经济改革后，产量同比下降，在其他一些地方为什么产量同比增长。在你的答案，你可能要包括：
•一份声明中分析的辩论和评估第二的位置，以及另一边的位置;
•评估的“来自中国的经验教训为其他转型经济体”一些渐进的，尤其是，存在一个独特的优化改造序列
的问题评估;
•一个国家，其输出的名称上涨，尽管大爆炸式的改革和一个国家的名称，其产量同比下降，尽管渐进式改革。美食文章摘抄>diy花盆
