肺气肿吃什么好《英语国家社会与文化入门》（第3版朱永涛、王立礼主编，高等教育出版社）
复习笔记及考研真题详解
加拿大end是什么意思
第20章加拿大经济
20.1复习笔记
I.Three factors influencing Canadian economy
1.Geography and population
2.The United States
3.Federal governments
Ⅱ.History
1.The original pattern
2.Changes
3.Protectionism and free trade人物采访提纲
4.Government interventionism
Ⅲ.The Canadian-US Free Trade Agreement
1.The background
2.The content
3.Problems
4.Benefits
IV.Three groups of industry
一串手镯
1.Primary industries
2.Secondary industries
3.Tertiary industries
4.Proportion
V.Canada’s place in the World economy
I.Three factors influencing Canadian economy（影响加拿大经济的三个因素）
1.Geography and population（地理与人口）
(1)The economy is influenced by Canada’s physical geography,which is rich in natural resources.
(2)The huge size and small population has made extracting and transporting goods to markets difficult.
(1)加拿大经济受其自然地理条件——丰富的自然资源——的影响。
(2)加拿大幅员辽阔而人烟稀少，这给资源开采及货物运输造成了困难。
2.The United States（美国）
(1)The cond influence is its neighbor,the United States,which has a much more powerful economy and a larger market.
(2)As most Canadians live clo to the Can-Am border,trade has naturally developed across the border,rather than between provinces and regions.
(1)加拿大经济受其邻国——拥有更强大经济及更广阔市场的美国——的影响。
(2)由于大多数加拿大人居住在加美边界附近，贸易自然而然越过边境发展，而不是在国内各省及地区间发展。
3.Federal governments（联邦政府）
The third influence is government interventionism:federal governments have constantly intervened in the development of the country’s resources and infrastructure,rather than allowing market forces to play a role.
加拿大经济受政府干预的影响：历届联邦政府一直习惯于干预国内资源与基础设施的发展，而不允许市场发挥重要作用。
Ⅱ.History（历史）
1.The original pattern（最初的模式）
(1)Natural resources and the economy（自然资源与经济）
①Natural resources were the original source of Canada’s wealth.
②Canada was a producer of staple commodities which were developed for exports.
③The export of raw resources remains the backbone of the Canadian economy.
①自然资源是加拿大财富最初的来源。
②加拿大过去主要生产并出口原料性商品。
③自然资源的出口至今仍是加拿大经济的重要支柱。
(2)A weak rvice or manufacturing ctor（服务业与制造业不发达）
Although Canada’s first Prime Minister,John A Macdonald,launched a national economic plan to develop internal markets and a manufacturing industry,
Canada failed to develop a strong rvice or manufacturing ctor.
加拿大第一任总理约翰·亚历山大·麦克唐纳推行了一项旨在发展国内市场与制造业的国民经济计划，然而加拿大的服务业与制造业并未取得较大进展。
2.Changes（新变化）
(1)At the end of WWⅡ,Canada began to develop stronger rvice and manufacturing industries and followed the US into a period of comparative wealth and growth,which remained bad on raw materials.万达广场美食推荐
(2)There emerged many foreign-owned subsidiaries.By the late1950s,the prospects were good,but there was worry about the extent of foreign ownership.
(1)从二战结束时起，加拿大的服务业与制造业开始快速发展，跟随美国取得了较大的财富增长，但这
种增长仍然以原材料的消耗为基础。
(2)许多外商独资子公司在加拿大建立起来。到20世纪50年代后期，经济前景总体看好，但外国资本对经济的控制的程度却令人担忧。
3.Protectionism and free trade（贸易保护与自由贸易）
(1)Protectionism（贸易保护）
①Canadian manufacturers had difficulty competing with tho in the US.
②In order to stimulate the development of“value-added”industries,Canada engaged in protectionist practices.
全部水果名称大全
①加拿大的制造商们很难与美国相抗衡。
②为了刺激“增值”产业，加拿大采取了贸易保护主义的做法。
(2)Free trade（自由贸易）
In1965,Canada and America signed the Auto Pact to ensure freer trade in cars, which would benefit both sides and pave the way for the FTA.
1965年，加美签署汽车协定，确保两国之间更为自由的汽车贸易，这对双方都有利处，为它们以后签订《自由贸易协定》铺平了道路。
4.Government interventionism（政府干预）
(1)After Trudeau came to power in1968,the federal government ud the idea of a floating exchange rate effectively,impod export tax on shipments to the US, and explored a“Third Option”of developing stronger trading relations with Japan and Europe,which helped Canada weather the recession.
(2)In1980,the government brought in the National Energy Policy to ize control of the energy industry,which angered resource-rich western governments. (3)As Canada began to embrace the principles of free trade and of allowing the market-place to manage the economy,such government interventionism was drawing to a clo.
(1)1968年特鲁多开始执政后，联邦政府成功利用浮动汇率，对运往美国的货物征收出口税，并探索第三条道路，即增强与日本及欧洲的贸易往来。这些政策使加拿大平安地度过经济衰退期。
(2)1980年，加拿大政府推行国家能源政策，试图控制能源产业，此举惹恼了能源丰富的西部省份。
(3)随着加拿大开始接受自由贸易的原则并允许市场对经济发挥重要作用，政府干预的力量
已大大减弱。
Ⅲ.The Canadian-US Free Trade Agreement（加美自由贸易协定）
1.The background（背景）
(1)The Free Trade Agreement was negotiated between Canada and the US when conrvative leader Brian Mulroney was the Prime Minister of Canada.
(2)The FTA made good economic n:it could help Canada to protect its industries;it would help America to promote the idea that freer international trade is beneficial to all and to get more international support for GATT.认字
(1)在布莱恩·马尔罗尼担任加拿大总理期间，加拿大与美国签订了加美自由贸易协定。
(2)该协定有重要的经济意义：它有助于加拿大保护其本国产业，也有助于美国推广其关于国际自由贸易的思想并为关税总协定赢得更多的国际支持。
2.The content（内容）
(1)The FTA came into effect on January1,1989,with a schedule of removing tariff protection on most items by1998.
(2)Two very important aspects of Canadian,cultural activities and beer,were left out of the agreement becau of their nsitivity to Canadians.
(1)加美自由贸易协定于1989年1月1日正式生效，规定从生效之日起到1998年逐步消除两国之间的关税壁垒。
(2)由于其对加拿大人的敏感性，加拿大历史文化的两个重要领域——文化活动与啤酒产业——被排除在协定之外。春的诗句
