抄送格式谈英语中的表语形容词
南召一中 王海斌
摘要:本文是对表语形容词用法的较为详细的介绍
关键词:表语形容词 宾语补足语 定语 修饰语
表语是用来说明主语的性质、身份、特征和状态。形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。表语形容词,它指的是那些常用于连系动词后做表语,一般不能用于名词前做定语的形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,偶尔可用程度副词修饰。英语中的表语形容词非常有限,归纳起来,主要有以下两类
鬼脸面具 一、某些以a开头的形容词
afraid (害怕的),alive (活着的),alone (单独的),ashamed (羞愧的),asleep (睡着的), awake (醒着的),alike (相似的)
ajar(半开着的),ahead(在前面的),afloat(漂浮着的,在船上),aloof(冷淡的,淡
在身边
农场日记漠的)
二、某些表示健康的形容词以及其它
Fine( 健康的), ill (有病的), well (身体健康的),unable(不能够的),sure(无疑的,确信的),worth(有价值的)
表语形容词的用法特点
在句子中充当表语
He ems dead afraid of her. 看来他非常怕她
She was the only person awake that night 她是那晚上唯一一个醒着的人
Can we be sure that she’s honest ? 我们能确信她是诚实的吗?
I tried to contact him but was unable to. 我竭力想与他联系,但是没联系上
用作宾语补足语或在被动结构中用作主语补足语
This drug can keep you awake 这种药能使你清醒
busy
The foreigner looked in my face with mouth agape. 这位外国人张着大嘴看着我
Some villagers were dug out from the ruins of the earthquake alive 一些村民被人们从地震的废墟中被挖出来还活在
The door was kept ajar 门半开着
作后置定语,其作用相当于一个关系分句
Time alone will show who is right.唯独时间能证明谁是正确的
She is the richest woman alive in the area. 她是那个地区活着的最富有的女士
The boy,ashamed of his bad behavior ,confesd his fault. 那个为自己的坏行为感到羞耻的男孩供认了他的过失
在有副词修饰的情况下做前置定语
有德无才The young lady looked at her half asleep child up and down. 年轻的女士端详着她那半睡半醒的孩子
His little boy is a very ashamed boy. 他的小儿子是个十分害羞的男孩
此类形容词(尤其是形容词短语)还可以在句中做状语
Afraid of being cut off, they returned to their frontier quickly. 害怕被切断,他们迅速回到他们的边界
应急演练计划表Aware of their victory, they cheered up immediately. 意识到胜利了,他们立刻欢呼起来
表语形容词的修饰语
表语形容词一般情况下不能像其它形容词一样被very修饰,只能用very much ,fast ,all ,wide ,well等词修饰。特别需要注意的是修饰语与表语形容词之间的许多习惯搭配
1 此类形容词都可用very much或 much修饰。在实际运用中,用very much远比用much普遍。习惯上用very mush修饰的此类形容词常见的有alike ,aloof ,aware ,asleep ,alone ,afra
id等。例如:
The two brothers are very much alike. 这兄弟俩非常像
We are very much aware of the gravity of the situation. 我们十分明白形势的严重性
2 fast习惯上用以修饰asleep ,aground等词此时fast意义是“完全地。紧紧地”。例如:
关于美食的名言The boat was fast aground. 小船完全搁浅了
3 人们习惯还用all ,quite修饰alone ,wide修饰awake ,deep或sound修饰asleep。例如:
The temple stands on the hilltop all alone ,with no other hous near it. 那庙宇孤零零坐落在山顶上,附近没有别的房子
She was still very wide awake despite the lateness of the hour. 尽管夜已深,她仍然毫无睡意
The old man was deep/sound asleep. 老人正在熟睡