Apprenticeship Training in Austria – The Dual System
In Austria apprenticeship training takes places at two different sites: company-bad training of apprentices is complemented by compulsory attendance of a part-time vocational school for apprentices [Berufsschule]. Thus, apprenticeship training is also referred to as "dual vocational training system" or as "dual system".
Currently about 40 per cent of all Austrian teenagers enter apprenticeship training upon completion of compulsory education. But although the overall number of apprentices just as the number of tho entering apprenticeship training has been going back since 1981, 1997 saw the discontinuation of this trend, for the number of new apprentices incread again. 叶企荪
Upon completion of apprenticeship training about 40 to 44 per cent of all apprentices continue to work for the company where they were trained.
All in all about 40,000 companies train approximately 120,000 apprentices, which corresponds to an average of 3 apprentices per company.
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The percentage of female apprentices incread slightly between 1975 and 1989, but has been decreasing ever since 1990 falling to a mere 31 per cent in 1996. The most popular apprenticeship trades among girls are retail-trade merchant, followed by hairdresr and office clerk. Among male apprentices the most popular occupations are motor-vehicle mechanic, followed by electrician. More than 50 per cent of all apprentices are trained for the craftsmen's trades, other important ctors are commerce (16 %), the industry (11 %) and tourism and the leisure industry (10%).
办公室Company-bad training is regulated by the Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Labour while pedagogical matters fall into the province of the Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Culture.
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Apprentices may only be trained in the legally recognized apprenticeship trades. The skilled trades (prently approximately 240) are included in the list of apprenticeship trades [Lehrberufsliste] published by the Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Labour in co-operation with the Federal Ministry of Social Security and Generations. Moreover, th
ere are 14 legally recognized apprenticeship trades in the agriculture and forestry ctor which are not included in the list.
The list contains the various occupations and informs about the duration of apprenticeship training as well as related apprenticeship trades including training time credits for already acquired vocational training.
工业冶炼铝Apprenticeship training lasts two to four years, in most cas, however, three years. In ca of accreditation of other educational pathways (e.g. vocational schools, vocational training abroad) the period of apprenticeship may be reduced.
Moreover, the period of apprenticeship training may also be reduced for students holding certain qualifications. This especially benefits holders of the "Reifeprüfung"-Certificate for it increas their choice and makes it easier for them to find employment. Training for veral occupations at the same time is possible provided certain requirements are met.
Company-bad Training
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Companies which train apprentices are obliged to provide apprentices with the skills and know-how stipulated in the occupational profile; this ensures a uniform minimum standard of training. Companies which are not able to provide training which covers the whole occupational profile may avail of the possibility of complementary training within a training network. Thus, even small companies may contribute their share to apprenticeship training.
Protection and Social Security
Company-bad training constitutes the major part of apprenticeship training. Apprenticeship training agreements stating the conditions of training within the framework of a contract of employment are signed between the company and the apprentice.
Thus, an apprentice has got full social insurance including health, accident, retirement and unemployment insurance. The duties of a company which is entitled to train apprentices do go beyond the usual duties of an employer to quite some extent.
Apprenticeship training agreements are subject to the regulations of the industrial and social law and to protective labour legislation for teenage employees. Furthermore, the apprentice is entitled to a remuneration, which is fixed in collective labour agreements and varies according to the different apprenticeship trades.
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