英语名词用法归纳
一. 名词的分类:名词分为专有名词和普通名词。
专有名词-----个人,地方,机构等专有名称. China, Shanghai, Li lei.
普通名词---- 个体名词: 某类人或东西中的个体.如 boy, dog, country.
集体名词: 若干个体组成的集合体.如 family, team, police, class.
物质名词: 无法分为个体的实物。如 cotton,tea, air, water, flour.
抽象名词: 动作, 状态, 品质, 感情等抽象概念. 如 health, happiness.
个体名词和集体名词又叫做可数名词.
物质名词和抽象名词又叫做不可数名词.
二. 名词的数:可数名词都有单数和复数之分。
1. 规则的可数名词的复数变化规则:
1) 一般情况加 s 。如:books mouths hous girls.
2) 以 s , sh , ch , x 结尾的加 es 。如:class boxes matches (但: stomachs).
3) 辅音字母 + y结尾的变 y为 ies 。如:cities countries parties factories.
4) 以 o 结尾的词多数 +es。如: heroes Negroes tomatoes potatoes zeroes/zeros.
以 o 结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母 +s. 如: radios, zoos, bamboos ,pianos ,kilos photos.
5) 以f, fe 结尾的多数 +es。如:leaves lives wives knives halves wolves.
The thief’s wife killed three wolves with some leaves and knives in half of her life.
但是:也有一些 + s。 如:roofs proofs, gulfs, beliefs, handkerchiefs/handkerchieves.
2. 名词词尾的读音规则:
1) 在[ p] [t] [k] [f]等清辅音后读[s] cups, hats, cakes, roofs
关于的古诗
2) 在[s] [z] [∫] [t∫]等音后读[iz] glass, faces, ros.
3) 在其他情况下读作[z] beds days cities knives.
淳亲王府4) 以th结尾的词原来读[ ] 加词尾后多数读[ ]
如: mouth—mouths path—paths ;
自由xXX
但是也有不变化的,如: month—months, ninth—ninths, youth—youths. (hous)
3. 不规则的可数名词的变化规则:
1) man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, child—children, mou—mice,
2) 单复数相同: sheep, fish, deer, means, Chine, Japane, works,
多地调公积金缴存
fish如表示不同种类的鱼时复数是fishes;
There are many kinds of fishes in that lake.
3) 以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时,两个词都变化.
man rvant—men rvants. (boy/girl students)
woman doctor—women doctors.
4.复合名词的复数形式:
son-in-law---sons-in-law , looker-on—lookers-on, 主体名词变化
film-goer—film-goers, grown-up—grown-ups 没有主体名词,在词尾加复数
5.字母,阿拉伯数字的复数形式一般加 ’s 或 s :
There are two l’s in the word “ all ”.
Your 7’s and 9’s look alike.
It happened in the 1960’s /1960s.
I will not accept your if’s and but’s.
6. 物质名词一般没有复数,有时用复数形式表示不同种类,
wheats, fruits, vegetables,
有时表示比原文更广的词义,
wood (木头)—woods(树林), water(水)—waters(水域), sand(沙子)—sands(沙滩), manner(方式)—manners(礼貌)
7. 抽象名词一般不可数;但是如果表示某一具体的情况,或各种各样的也有可数名词的用法。
He jumped with joy.------ My children are a great joy to me.
常用的抽象名词具体化的有: a surpri/ a pleasure / a success / a failure / a help /
8. 定冠词加姓氏的复数表示一家人。 the Turners, the Smiths, the Wangs.
星座的英文
9. 集体名词people, police, cattle 总是作复数,
( people 作民族,种族时有单复数两种形式)
Many cattle are kept on the farm.
Several police were on duty.
The Chine are a brave and hard-working people.
The English are a funny people.
10. 集体名词class, public, family, population, team, crew, committee 等单复数都有,但意义不同。
The class is big.---- The class are taking notes in English. (前者看作整体,后者强调每一个人。)
The population in China is larger.---- 80% of the population in China are peasants. (同上)
11. hair, fruit 通常作单数,表示总体。
His hair is grey. a rich harvest of fruit
甘肃的景点
如果表示若干根头发,表示种类的水果时,可以加复数词尾。
He had a few white hairs. 他有几根白发。
Are fruits on sale in this ason ? 这个季节有水果销售吗?
12. 以s 结尾的学科名词只作单数。mathematics , physics, politics, 等。(另外:news)
13. glass, trours, scissors, shoes, spectacles,等常用复数;但如果这些词前用 a pair of …/ this pair of…/ that pair of…等修饰时谓语动词由pair 来决定。
榴莲布丁Where are my glass ?
My new pair of trours is too long.
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
14. 不可数名词没有复数形式,如果表示“一个”的概念,可用单位词。
a piece of news/ information/ advice/ bread/ cake/ paper/ meat/ coal / equipment/ furniture /clothing…
a bottle of ink, a grain of rice , a cake of soap…
常用的不可数名词:advice,progress, practice,weather,homework,knowledge,fun,luggage,equipment,clothing,water,milk,food,rice
15. 名词作定语:
1)表示用途:a coffee cup 咖啡杯;a tobacco company 烟草公司;a vegetable garden
2) 表示材料:a stone bridge 石桥;paper money 纸币;a diamond necklace 钻石项链
3)表示时间或地点:winter holiday 寒假;morning paper 晨报;city people 市民
4) 表示类别:water pollution 水污染;body temperature 体温;weight problem 体温
5)表示身份:a woman doctor; a boy student
注意:名词作定语常用单数: shoe shop; college students; basketball match.
但man / woman 随后边名词变化: a woman doctor; two women doctors; a man doctor; two men doctors.
三. 名词的所有格:
1. 有生命的名词所有格的构成:
夜里睡觉口干舌燥是什么原因1) 一般在词尾加’s. the teacher’s office, Xiao Li’s sister’s husband’s mother.
2) 以 s 结尾的复数名词只加 ’ workers’ rest homes. 工人疗养所
the mass’ request 群众的请求
3) 不以s结尾的复数名词加’s. children’s toys.
4) 复合名词只在最后一个词的后面加 ’s. my sister-in-law’s brother.