高中英语动词不定式
不定式知识点综述
2、不定式重难点讲解
重难点1:动词不定式的时态语态
动词不定式(infinitive)两种形式:一种是“to + 动词原形”构成(to- infinitive);另一种是不
带to的不定式,即动词原形(bare- infinitive)。动词不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式、完成进行式四种时态变化形式,一般式和完成式有被动语态变化形式。
| 主动语态 | 被动语态 |
一般式 | to do | to be done |
进行式 | to be doing | |
完成式 | to have done | to have been done |
蔡炫安 完成进行式 | to have been writing | |
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a. 不定式的时态是以句中谓语动词的时间为依据的:
(1)一般式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生。
例:They made plans to live in Paris. 他们计划住在巴黎。(to live 发生在 made plans之后)
(2)进行式表示其动作正在进行,与谓语动词发生的动作同时进行。
例:He pretended to be listening to me carefully. 他假装认真地听我讲。
(3)不定式的完成式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
例:I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了。
(to have kept发生在I am sorry所表示的时间之前)
(4)不定式的完成进行式表示动作在谓语动词之前发生,而且一直进行着。
例:He was happy to have been staying with his uncle.他很高兴一直跟他叔叔住在一起。
b. 外卖好评评语大全不定式的语态
不定式的时态是以逻辑主语为依据的:
例:The sports meeting on the weekend has to be put off. 孤独老人周末的运动会被迫推迟。
注意:意义上被动形式上主动的不定式
在“名词(代词)+ be easy(difficult, fit等形容词) + 不定式”结构中,有时尽管主语是动作的承受者,不定式在意义上是被动,形式上却是主动,这时可以看成省略了动词逻辑主语for us, for me , for you 等。
例:The book is difficult to read. 这本书很难读懂。
植物手抄报内容
i. 不定式作主语 1. 不定式作主语和表语口语中常用it作形式主语。 2. 若说明不定式动作对于执行者的影响,常在不定式前加for sb.。 3. 但是以形容词作表语来说明主语的行为品质时(如kind,goodnice,wi,clever,silly,wrong9 right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, polite, agreeable等),不定式前加of sb.。 4. 不定式作表语,表示目的、结果、同意、命令、安排、决定、劝告等意义。 |
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熊怎么画
专项练习
1. How 乡镇环保工作总结the problem will be discusd some time later this afternoon.
A. to solve B. to be solve C. being solved D. solving
2. Is it necessary the geography book at once?
A. for her to return B. that she must return
C. her returning D. of him to return
3. It forty-five minutes there by bus.
A. to get B. getting
C. to get D. getting
4. This grammar point is later.
A. to explain B. to have been explained
C. to be explained D. to be explaining
5. Tom emed the good news.
A. to learn B. to be learning
C. to have learned D. to have been learning
Keys: 1-5 A A C C C
ii. 不定式作宾语 1. 只能以不定式作宾语,而不能以动名词作宾语的动词有: (“希望”干)wish, hope, expect, long, desire; (早“打算”)plan, mean, prepare, attempt, intend; (“同意”“否”)agree, connt, refu, decline; (“寻”“问”看)ek, ask, beg; (“选”“定”了)choo, decide, determine, promi; (“尽”“自愿”)manage, volunteer, tend; (“称”“失败”)claim, fail; (“敢”“装蒜”)dare, pretend 2. 可用于“动词+ it+lenx形容词/名词+to do sth.”结构中的动词有古永锵feel, find, make, think, believe, consider等。 3. 以动词不定式作宾语的形容词有happy,glad,plead,sure,ready,anxious,eager,free,afraid,willing等。 4. 有些介词后也可以不定式作宾语,如介词but,about,except,save等。 |
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专项练习
1. The flu is believed by virus that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human no and throat.
A. causing B. being caud
C. to be caud D. to have been caud
2. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars road conditions need
A. that. .. to be improved B. which ... to be improved
C. where. . . to be improving D. when.. . improving
3. Remember the magazine when you have finished reading it.
A. putting back B. having put back
C. to put back D. will put back
4. —I'm sorry I forgot your dictionary.
—Let's u Li Hua's.
A. to take B. taking C. to bring D. bringing
5. At the moment, Jason is considering next.
A. to do what B. what to do C. doing what D. what doing
6. I first considered to him, but then I decided him.
A. phoning B. to write. . . to phone
C. to phone D. to write. . . phoning
7. Tom is always forgetting things he has done. Yesterday, he forgot and looked for it everywhere.