摘要
在地震勘探领域，“三高”处理一直是人们谈论的中心话题，也是解决地震勘探难点的根本途径。在“三高’中的高分辨率有助于增加地震资料的丰富性，展示更为精细的地质信息。然而受介质特性和数据采集条件的影响，原始地震数据总是达不到研究的需要。在影响地震资料分辨率的因素中，大地吸收和子波带限特征是两个关键因素。
品质因子Q是量化吸收的常用参数，然而如何获取稳定准确的Q值一直是人们研究的热点。由于大地吸收效应不仅与传播介质有关，还与地震子波的频率有关，因而人们提出在时频域进行Q值估计。然而传统时频分析方法分辨率较低，不能提供足够精度的时频分布，因此本文提出使用反演时频谱来估计Q值。相比传统时频谱，反演时频谱聚焦性跟高，稳定性更强，并且受随机噪声影响较小，为计算Q值提高了良好的基础数据。反Q滤波是使用Q值对地震数据进行吸收补偿的常用方法，然而传统的滤波方法可能会带来不稳定问题，通过增加稳定因子，本文实现了稳定反Q滤波方法。通过理论和实际数据验证了方法的正确性和有效性。
子波带限会使地震高频被衰减甚至消失，该问题最直接的表现就是子波延续时间增加，多个地层反射叠加在一起，造成地质构造的模糊，通常使用反褶积方法来处理。稳态反褶积方法基于褶积理论，在最小相位的假设条件下，通过估计子波频谱来消除子波影响。频谱一般是通过傅里叶变换得到的，傅里叶频
谱具有平均效应，然而地震数据在不同时刻的频率组成是不同的，因此傅里叶分析的精度是不够的。为了弥补传统方法的不足，本文实现了基于Gabor时频谱的非稳态反褶积方法。该方法分两步进行处理，第一步是在时频谱上通过估计衰减函数来解决地震道能量均衡问题，第二步是通过计算每个时刻的频谱包络来估计子波谱，然后在最小相位的假设条件下进行非稳态反褶积。将该方法应用于某工区实际数据，取得了良好的效果，处理后的地震资料分辨率得到了明显的提高，地质构造更清晰，边界也更明显。
关键词：吸收补偿，反演谱分解，非稳态反褶积，分辨率
The Method Study to Increa Seismic Resolution
Bad on the Time-Frequency Spectrum
Tian Yongxiao (Geological Resources and Geological Engineering)
Directed by Prof. Zhang Fanchang
Abstract
In the field of ismic exploration, "three-high" processing has always been the central topic of peopl
e's discussion, and the fundamental method to solve the difficulties in ismic exploration. High resolution in "three high" can help increa the richness of ismic data and show more detailed geological information. However, due to the influence of media characteristics and ismic data acquisition conditions, the original ismic data cannot meet the rearch requirements. In the factors that affect the resolution of ismic data, the characteristics of earth absorption and wavelet band are two key factors.
Quality factor Q is a general parameter of quantization absorption, but how to obtain stable and accurate Q value is always a hot topic. Becau the absorption effect of the earth is not only related to the propagation medium, but also to the frequency of the ismic wavelet, it is propod to carry out the Q value estimation in time-frequency domain. However, the traditional time-frequency analysis method has a low resolution and cannot provide a time-frequency distribution with sufficient precision. Therefore, this paper propos to estimate the Q value by using the inver time-frequency spectrum. Compared with the traditional method, inver time-frequency spectrum is more focud, more stable, and less affected by random noi, which improves the good basic data for calculating the Q value. Inver Q filtering is general method to compensate absorbed energy of ismic data u the Q value. However, the traditional filtering method may lead to instability proble
ms. By introducing the stability factor, this paper realizes the stable inver Q filtering method. The correctness and validity of the method are verified by theoretical and practical data.
Band-limited Wavelet will make high frequency attenuation even disappear. The most
direct performance is wavelet duration extended, multiple stratigraphic reflection wavelet superimpod. The result is a vague geological structure, deconvolution is usually ud. The traditional deconvolution method is bad on the convolution theory. Under the assumption of the minimum pha, the wavelet influence is eliminated by estimating the wavelet spectrum. Spectrum is generally obtained by Fourier transform, with an average effect. However, frequency of ismic data in different time is different, so the precision of Fourier analysis is not enough. In order to make up the deficiency of traditional methods, the nonstationary deconvolution method bad on Gabor Transformation is implemented. The method is procesd in two steps. The first step is to solve the problem of ismic energy balance by estimating the attenuation function on the time-frequency spectrum. The cond step is to estimate the wavelet spectrum by calculating the spectrum envelope of each moment. Then, the nonstationary deconvolution is performed under the assumption of the minimum pha. The method is applied to the actual data of a working area and has obtained good results. The resolution of ismic data after procesd is obviously improved, the
geological structure is clearer and the boundary is more obvious.
Key words: absorption compensation, inver spectral decomposition, nonstationary deconvolution, resolution.
目录
第一章绪论 (1)
1.1 引言 (1)
1.2 选题背景 (2)
1.2.1 时频分析方法 (2)
1.2.2 大地吸收补偿 (4)
1.2.3 反褶积 (5)
1.3 论文研究内容 (7)
第二章反演谱分解方法研究 (8)
慰问活动方案2.1 信号的投影分解 (8)
2.2 傅里叶变换 (9)
2.3 Gabor变换和短时傅里叶变换 (12)
人格分裂的表现2.4 小波变换 (17)
2.5 反演谱分解 (19)
2.5.1 实数域反演谱分解 (20)
2.5.2 复数域反演谱分解 (24)
2.5.3 L1稀疏约束反演 (26)
2.6 匹配追踪分解 (28)
2.6.1 匹配追踪基本原理 (28)
2.6.2 Morlet小波构建超完备匹配子波库 (31)
2.6.3 瞬时属性约束参数扫描范围 (33)
2.6.4 最小二乘方法优化相位参数 (34)
2.6.5 多子波匹配追踪 (36)
2.7 小结 (39)
第三章基于时频特征的高分辨率处理 (40)
广州有什么大学>夏令3.1 地震资料分辨率 (40)
3.1.1 水平分辨率 (40)
3.1.2 垂直分辨率 (41)
3.1.3 影响地震资料分辨率的因素 (42)
3.2 吸收补偿 (43)
3.2.1 反Q滤波方程 (44)
凉拌荞麦面
3.2.2 反Q滤波方程的稳定性 (47)
3.2.3 稳定反Q滤波 (48)
3.2.4 基于反演谱分解估计Q值 (50)
3.2.5 吸收补偿处理实例 (52)
3.3 非稳态反褶积 (53)
3.3.1 Gabor反褶积原理 (53)
3.3.2 衰减函数估计 (55)
3.3.3 子波谱估计 (59)
3.3.4 实际数据处理 (62)
结论与认识 (64)
参考文献 (66)
冬瓜汁
什么是hr>损害的近义词致谢 (72)
