肾脏科
常用语
慢性肾功能衰竭(Chronic renal failure, CRF)
病因(Etiology)
1. Chronic glomerulonephritis 慢性肾炎[ɡlɔ,merjuləuni'fraitis]
2. Diabetes mellitus, DM 糖尿病[,daiə'bi:ti:z] ['melitəs]
3. Hypertension: Nephrosclerosis 高血压肾硬化['nefrəu,skliə'rəusis]
4. Chronic tubulointerstitial dias 慢性小管间质性疾病
5. Polycystic kidney dia 多囊肾[,pɔli'sistik]
6. Others 其他
治疗(Treatment)
1. ACE inhibitors may slow progression 血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂可能减慢疾病进展
2. Treat reversible caus 治疗可逆性病因
3. Diet:Modest protein restriction with near normal caloric intake decreas nitrogen intake and avoids catabolism[kə'lɔrik] ['naitrədʒən] [kə'tæbəlizəm]
饮食：适度限制蛋白，热量摄入基本正常，减少氮摄入，防止分解代谢。
4. Dialysis 透析[dai'ælisis]
Chronic hemodialysis (HD) is the mainstay of therapy for chronic renal failure, but chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is also an alternative. [,hi:mədai'ælisis; ,hem-]
['æmbjulətəri] [,peritəu'ni:əl]
慢性血液透析是慢性肾功能不全的主要治疗方法，同时慢性非卧床腹膜透析也是另一种选择。
透析的绝对指征(Absolute indications for dialysis)
1. Uremic pericarditis with or without cardiac tamponade 尿毒症性心包炎伴或不伴心包压塞[,perikɑ:'daitis] [,tæmpə'neid]
2. Progressive motor neuropathy 进展性运动神经病变[njuə'rɔpəθi]
3. Intractable volume overload 难治性容量过负荷[in'træktəbl]
4. Life-threatening and intractable hyperkalemia or acidosis 威胁生命的难治性高钾血症或酸中毒
5. Toxins (e.g., ethylene glycol) 中毒（如乙二醇等）['eθili:n] ['ɡlaikɔl]
透析的相对指征(Relative indications for dialysis)
1. Fluid and electrolyte imbalances 体液和电解质紊乱
百香果柠檬茶
2. Volume-dependent hypertension 容量依赖的高血压
3. CNS abnormalities 中枢神经系统异常[,æbnɔ:'mælitiz]
4. Anemia and bleeding diathes 贫血和出血体质[dai'æθisi:z]
5. Anorexia, naua, and vomiting 厌食、恶心、呕吐[,ænə'reksiə]
6. Weight loss 消瘦
7. Pruritus and ecchymos 皮肤瘙痒和瘀斑[pru'raitəs, -'ri:-] [,eki'məusi:z]
对话
Urinary tract infection 尿路感染
Dr.: would you tell me how you feel?
红楼梦人物关系表医生：请问有何不舒服？
Pt.: I piss many times, and my urine is red. I also feel pain while urination. [,juəri'neiʃən]
入人病人：我小便次数多，尿液呈红色，排尿时疼痛。
Dr.: do you feel any back pain? Any fever?
缘文生义
医生：腰痛吗？发热吗？
Pt.: Yeah. There is also some pain in the lower belly. What’s my trouble?
病人：是的，小腹也痛。我是什么病呢？
Dr.: probably you have UTI. It’s certain you have your urine examined microbiologically for the accurate diagnosis. ['maikrəu,baiəu'lɔdʒikəli] ['ækjurət]
关于一个男孩医生：你可能患尿路感染。当然，需要做尿培养以明确诊断。
Pt.: I feel uncomfortable. May I have some medication?
病人：我很不舒服，现在能用药吗？[,medi'keiʃən]
Dr.: right after we have your urine sample. Plea remember to have lots of water.
医生：送检尿培养后就可以用药。请一定多饮水。
Pt.: that’s all right. I will cooperate. Thank you very much, dr.
病人：好的，我会配合的。谢谢你，医生。
Dr.: you are welcome. Call my office anytime you feel necessary.
医生：不用客气。有事可随时找我。
Chronic glomerulonephritis慢性肾炎
Dr.: hi. I am the dr. responsible for your treatment. Would you tell me the detail of your dia?
医生：你好，我是你的管床医生。请讲讲你的发病过程。
Pt.: I feel pain in the back for 3 months.
病人：我腰痛三个月了。
Dr.: how is it? Do you feel back pain unilaterally or bilaterally? [bai'lætərəli]
医生：单侧还是双侧？
Pt.: bilateral.
病人：双侧。
Dr.: does your pain refer to any regions elwhere?
医生：牵涉至其他部位疼痛吗？
Pt.: no.
病人：没有。
Dr.: any pain during urination?
医生：排尿时疼痛吗？
Pt.: no.
病人：没有。
Dr.: how your urine looks like? Foamy? ['fəumi]
医生：小便是什么颜色？带泡沫吗？
Pt.: it’s clear yellow, with some foam. [fəum]
病人：小便是黄色的，有泡沫。
Dr.: is there any fever? And do you feel any pain in your joints?
医生：平时有发热、关节痛吗？
Pt.: no.
病人：没有。
Dr.: what kind of tests did you have?
word单页横向医生：在院外做了哪些检查？
Pt.: urine routine and kidney ultrasound. ['ʌltrəsaund]
医生：尿常规、肾脏超生。
Dr.: how the tests showed?
医生：结果如何？
Pt.: there is some protein and incread red blood cells in my urine. But the ultrasound said nothing abnormal.
病人：尿常规有蛋白、红细胞增多，肾脏超生正常。
Dr.: ok. May I do some physical examination?
医生：现在我要给你做体格检查，请配合。
Pt.: all right.
病人：好的。
Dr.: that is all. Take a rest plea. In a while the nurs will tell you what to do next.
借物喻人的作文医生：好了。请好好休息，一会护士会告诉你下一步的检查与治疗哦。
Pt.: good. Thanks!
病人：好的，谢谢。
知道医师与实习同学间常见会话。
Teacher.: boys and girls, shall we go and e a new pt.?
老师：同学，我们一起去看一位新病人。
Students: great.
同学们：好的。
T.: take the sphygmomanometer and stethoscope with you plea. [,sfiɡməumə'nɔmitə]
['steθəskəup]
老师：带上血压计与听诊器。
开学典礼心得体会
S: Ok.
同学们：好。
T.: after our visit, plea finish the ca file today each of you. I want to e them. All right?
老师：看完病人，你们要完成一份病历的书写。
词汇
department of nephrology 肾脏科[ni'frɔlədʒi]
