语法重点：独立主格结构。
1. 原文再现。
This silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.
2. 独立主格结构定义。
独立主格结构（怎么炒虾仁Independent Genitive）由两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词) 或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。 独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
3. 独立主格结构用法。
A．用作时间状语
The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。
B. 用作条件状语
Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
C. 用作原因状语
An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to
stay up late into the night.
因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
D. 用作伴随状语 反问句改成陈述句
He was lying on the grass, his hands crosd under his head (=and his hands were crosd under his head).
他躺在草地上，将两手交叉枕在脑后。
E. 表示补充说明
. We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two.
.我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。
4. 独立主格结构形式。
A. 一般独立主格形式，与主句逻辑关系松散
形式为: n. + -ed/-ing形式; n. + 不定式 ; n. + 介词短语; n. + 形容词; n. + 副词
B. 名词/主格代词+现在分词，名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主动关系。
The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn't know what to say.
电流与电压的关系
姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
C. 名词/主格代词+过去分词，名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是被动关系。
The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.
随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。
D. 名词/主格代词+不定式，名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主动关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。哺乳期可以喝可乐吗
He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。
They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore.
他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。．
E. 名词/主格代词+形容词
An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。
F. 名词/主格代词+副词
He put on his sweater ,wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。
G. 名词/主格代词+介词短语
The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。
H. .with 引导的独立主格:与主句逻辑关系紧密
形式为: with + n. + -ed/-ing形式; with + n. +adj.; with +n. + 介词短语
I.… each引导的强调型独立主格:强调句尾的复数名词
形式为:句子 + 复数名词结尾 , each + 介词短语/形容词短语/名词短语/-ing形式/-ed形式
Under the restructuring, the huge organization that operates the company's basic business will be divided into
five groups, each with its own executive.
J．There being +名词（代词）
There being nothing el to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。
K.. It being +名词（代词）
.It being Christmas, the government offices were clod. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。
5. 注意事项。
A. 独立主格转换成状语从句，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。
After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.
下课后，学生很快离开了课室。
野蔷薇花B. 不能省略being (having been) 的情形：
在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的xxx幼being（或having been）不能省略。
(1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去做了礼拜。
描写夏天的句子 沈阳著名景点 (2)在There being+名词的结构中。
There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.
因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。
C. .在“名词（或代词）+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。
Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯小姐走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。
比较with的复合结构。如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in her hand.
D. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。
( C ) 1. --You shouldn't have helped ________ to Maggie's new electronic dictionary and broke it.
--What shall I do now?
A. herlf B. mylf C. yourlf D. ourlves
( B ) 2. There are many people who _______ the summer _______ the winter.
D. like; than
C. prefer; than B. prefer; to A. like; better
( A ) 3. His grandfather died ___the wound that the enemy soldier had given him and then his
grandmother died ___hungry and cold.
A. from, of B. of, from C. from, from D. of, of
( A ) 4. We are going to have rain during the next month.
A. a good deal of B. a good many C. a great number of D. numbers of
( A ) 5. I have known your situation, I will nd the money to you immediately.
A. Now that B. As far as C. On condition that D. So long as
( A ) 6. Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner ated in it playing chess with
his little grandson every afternoon.
A. its B. who C. which D. that
( B ) 7. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages.
