带张字的成语
木瓜蛋白酶诱导早期膝骨关节炎模型大鼠软骨超微结构的动态变化
段文秀;汪宗保;张浩;杨智为;胡智伦;许方军;徐亚林;刘丹;解彦幼儿园教学
【摘 要】BACKGROUND:Papain-induced rat knee osteoarthritis is a common modeling method, which can obtain a stable osteoarthritis model. <br> OBJECTIVE:To obrve the change of ultrastructure of chondrocytes in the early process of papain-induced rat knee osteoarthritis under transmission electron microscope. <br> METHODS:A total of 18 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. Two rats were considered as a normal control group, without intervention. The mixture of papain and L-cysteine was injected in right knee joint cavity of 16 rats to induce osteoarthritis models (osteoarthritis model group). Physiological saline was injected in the left side (physiological saline control group). At 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after injection, samples were col ected. Transmission electron microscope was ud to obrve the change of cartilage ultrastructure of the medial femoral condyle joint. <br> RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:For the normal control group and physiological saline control group, their cytoplasm contained abundant rough en香菜的作用
doplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. After 1 week of injection, <br> mitochondria vacuoles and light expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum were visible. Two weeks later, lipid droplets appeared, mitochondria degeneration was distinct, vacuolization was rious and its number was reduced, and rough endoplasmic reticulum expansion was obvious. Four weeks later, lipid droplets became incread, and the number of mitochondria decread significantly. Most of the rough endoplasmic reticula were highly expanded, and part of the rough endoplasmic reticula were dissolved and fractured. Six weeks later, a number of lipid droplets were visible in cytoplasm, most of the mitochondria disappeared, only a smal number of mitochondria existed, and most of the rough endoplasmic reticula were dissolved and fractured. The results confirmed that cartilage ultrastructure changes gradual y in the early process of papain-induced rat knee osteoarthritis under transmission electron microscope.%背景：木瓜蛋白酶诱导大鼠膝关节骨性关节炎是常用造模方法，能获得稳定的骨关节炎模型。<br> 目的：观察木瓜蛋白酶诱导大鼠膝早期骨关节炎进程中透射电镜下关节软骨细胞超微结构的变化规律。<br> 方法：将18只SD大鼠随机分为3组，2只为正常对照组不做干预；16只大鼠右膝关节腔注
射木瓜蛋白酶和L-半胱氨酸混合液诱导骨关节炎模型(骨关节炎模型组)，左侧注射生理盐水(生理盐水对照组)。注射后第1，2，4，6周后分别取材，使用透射电镜观察股骨内侧髁关节软骨超微结构变化。<br> 结果与结论：正常对照组和生理盐水对照组胞质内有丰富的粗面内质网、线粒体。骨关节炎模型组注射1周后，线粒体空泡化，可见轻度扩张的粗面内质网；2周后，出现脂滴，线粒体变性明显，空泡化严重，数目减少，粗面内质网扩张明显；4周后，脂滴增多，线粒体数目明显减少，大部分粗面内质网高度扩张，部分粗面内质网溶解断裂；6周后，胞质内见数个脂滴，大部分线粒体消失，仅有少量线粒体存在，大部分粗面内质网断裂溶解。说明木瓜蛋白酶诱导大鼠膝早期骨关节炎进程中透射电镜下软骨超微结构呈渐进性变化。
【期刊名称】《中国组织工程研究》
【年(卷),期】2015(000)018
【总页数】5页(P2789-2793)
【关键词】实验动物;骨及关节损伤模型;骨关节炎;关节软骨;木瓜蛋白酶;透射电镜;超微结构
【作 者】段文秀;汪宗保;张浩;杨智为;胡智伦;许方军;徐亚林;刘丹;解彦
一到一百的英语单词【作者单位】安徽中医药大学 针灸骨伤临床学院，安徽省合肥市 230038;安徽中医药大学 针灸骨伤临床学院，安徽省合肥市 230038;安徽中医药大学 针灸骨伤临床学院，安徽省合肥市 230038;安徽中医药大学 针灸骨伤临床学院，安徽省合肥市 230038;安徽中医药大学 针灸骨伤临床学院，安徽省合肥市 230038;安徽中医药大学 针灸骨伤临床学院，安徽省合肥市 230038;广东医学院附属开平医院，广东省开平市 529300;安徽中医药大学 中西医结合临床学院，安徽省合肥市 230038;安徽中医药大学 针灸骨伤临床学院，安徽省合肥市 230038
【正文语种】中 文
【中图分类】R318
文章亮点：
实验用4%木瓜蛋白酶混合液关节腔注射建立大鼠膝骨关节炎模型，利用透射电镜观察了早期骨关节炎不同时间节点的超微结构动态变化。结果显示木瓜蛋白酶诱导大鼠膝早期骨关
节炎进程中透射电镜下软骨超微结构呈渐进性变化，提示以4周作为有关骨性关节炎动物实验模型干预时间节点较为确切。
目的：观察木瓜蛋白酶诱导大鼠膝早期骨关节炎进程中透射电镜下关节软骨细胞超微结构的变化规律。
方法：将18只SD大鼠随机分为3组，2只为正常对照组不做干预；16只大鼠右膝关节腔注射木瓜蛋白酶和L-半胱氨酸混合液诱导骨关节炎模型(骨关节炎模型组)，左侧注射生理盐水(生理盐水对照组)。注射后第1，2，4，6周后分别取材，使用透射电镜观察股骨内侧髁关节软骨超微结构变化。
结果与结论：正常对照组和生理盐水对照组胞质内有丰富的粗面内质网、线粒体。骨关节炎模型组注射1周后，线粒体空泡化，可见轻度扩张的粗面内质网；2周后，出现脂滴，线粒体变性明显，空泡化严重，数目减少，粗面内质网扩张明显；4周后，脂滴增多，线粒体数目明显减少，大部分粗面内质网高度扩张，部分粗面内质网溶解断裂；6周后，胞质内见数个脂滴，大部分线粒体消失，仅有少量线粒体存在，大部分粗面内质网断裂溶解。说明木瓜蛋白酶诱导大鼠膝早期骨关节炎进程中透射电镜下软骨超微结构呈渐进性变化。
段文秀，汪宗保，张浩，杨智为，胡智伦，许方军，徐亚林，刘丹，解彦.木瓜蛋白酶诱导早期膝骨关节炎模型大鼠软骨超微结构的动态变化[J].中国组织工程研究，2015，19(18):2789-2793.彩色水饺
stable osteoarthritis model.
曦五行
OBJECTIVE:To obrve the change of ultrastructure of chondrocytes in the early process of papain-induced rat knee osteoarthritis under transmission electron microscope.
METHODS:A total of 18 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. Two rats were
considered as a normal control group, without intervention. The mixture of papain and L-cysteine was injected in right knee joint cavity of 16 rats to induce osteoarthritis models (osteoarthritis model group). Physiological saline was injected in the left side (physiological saline control group). At 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after injection, samples were collected. Transmission electron microscope was ud to obrve the change of cartilage ultrastructure of the medial femoral condyle joint.
经典朗诵篇目>曲婉婷的歌RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:For the normal control group and physiological saline control group, theircytoplasm contained abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. After 1 week of injection,mitochondria vacuoles and light expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum were visible. Two weeks later, lipid droplets appeared, mitochondria degeneration was distinct, vacuolization was rious and its number was reduced, andrough endoplasmic reticulum expansion was obvious. Four weeks later, lipid droplets became incread, and the number of mitochondria decread significantly. Most of the rough endoplasmic reticula were highly expanded, and part of the rough endoplasmic reticula were dissolved and fractured. Six weeks later, a number of lipid droplets were visible in cytoplasm, most of the mitochondria disappeared, only a small number of mitochondria existed, and most of the rough endoplasmic reticula were dissolved and fractured. The results confirmed that cartilage ultrastructure changes gradually in the early process of papain-induced rat knee osteoarthritis under transmission electron microscope.
Funding:the National Students' Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Anh
ui University of Chine Medicine in 2013, No. 201310369035; the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, No. 2011M501355 Duan WX, Wang ZB, Zhang H, Yang ZW, Hu ZL, Xu FJ, Xu YL, Liu D, Xie Y. Dynamic changes of rat cartilage ultrastructure in the early process of papain-induced knee osteoarthritis. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu. 2015; 19(18):2789-2793.
骨关节炎是中老年最常见的一种慢性、进行性关节疾病，其病因、分子生物学、早期诊断和治疗均存在问题，需要进一步研究[1]。临床以慢性关节疼痛、僵硬、肿大伴有关节功能障碍为主要表现[2]，是机械性和生物学因素相互作用下，关节软骨细胞、细胞外基质和软骨下骨三者合成与降解过程失衡的结果[3]。骨性关节炎最常累及膝关节，其主要症状是膝关节疼痛和行走功能障碍，为引起老年人疼痛及伤残的主要病症之一[4]。随着社会人口的老龄化，该病发病率呈显著上升趋势[5]，因此开展如何早期发现膝骨关节炎以便进行早期干预的相关研究意义重大。
骨关节炎动物模型在研究骨性关节炎的发生、发展、有效防治药物及治疗方法方面具有重要作用[6-7]。建立合理的骨关节炎动物模型可深入探讨其发病机制并寻找有效的诊疗手段。
国内外学者建立动物模型的方式主要有：关节制动、关节腔药物注射、手术方法等[8-21]。关节腔注射药物法成功率高、造模成型时间短、同时可保持关节囊的完整性，是一种重要的造模方法[22]，所用化学物质主要有木瓜蛋白酶、胶原蛋白酶、雌二醇等[23-24]。其中关节内注射木瓜蛋白酶可诱导狗、兔、小鼠、大鼠等动物膝骨关节炎，其特点是发病速度快、重复性好，与人类骨关节炎类似[25]。
