加拿大概况
1. Canadian Anthem: O Canada
2. Canadian Geography:
Canada is bordered to the west by the Pacific Ocean and Alaska, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the northeast by Greenland, and to the south by the ‘Lower 48’ of the USA. The polar ice cap lies to the north. The landscape is diver, ranging from the Arctic tundra of the north to the great prairies of the central area. Westward are the Rocky Mountains, and in the southeast are the Great Lakes, the St Lawrence River and Niagara Falls. The country is divided into 10 provinces and three territories. A more detailed description of each province can be found under the parate provincial entries.
Canada is the world's cond largest country after Russia. 60% of the population in Canada inhabit in the area between Quebec city and the western end of Lake Ontario.
加拿大是世界上幅员第二大的国家,大约60%的人口集中在魁北克市与安大略省西端。
Toronto多伦多:Toronto is Canada's largest city and the provincial Capital of Ontario.
多伦多是安大略省的省会,加拿大经济中心,第一大城市。
Ottawa随风摇曳渥太华:Ottawa is the capital of Canada and the country's fourth largest city. It is located in the Ottawa Valley in the eastern part of the province of Ontario.
加拿大首都,第四大城市,地处安大略省东部的安大略谷。
Vancouver平行线云知识库温哥华:Vancouver is British Columbia’s largest city and the third largest city in Canada. It is an important ice-free harbor and the major Canadian outlet to the Pacific Ocean and the largest cargo port on the Pacific.
不列颠哥伦比亚省的最大城市,也是加拿大第三大城市。它是加拿大一个非常重要的不冻港,而且是加拿大通往太平洋的主要通道,太平洋最大的货运港口。
Quebec魁北克省:Quebec is the largest province in Canada geographically, and the cond most populous, after Ontario. It differs from the other provinces of Canada becau of its strong French culture. Montreal, the cond largest city of Canada, is located in this province. The Quebec city is the center of the province.
魁北克省是加拿大最大的省,人口仅次于安大略省。法国文化的强烈影响使它与其他省区不一样。加拿大第二大城市蒙特利尔位于该省。其中心是位于圣劳伦斯河上的魁北克城。
The Canadian Shield加拿大地盾:The Canadian Shield is a micircle band of rocky highlands and plateaus around the Hudson Bay from the northern shores of Quebec to the Arctic shores of the Northwest Territories. The Shield covers almost half of the Canadian territory.
这是围绕哈得孙海湾的一块半圆形多石高低和高原,从魁北克省的北部海岸一直延伸到西北自治领的北极沿岸。几乎加拿大的一半面积在加拿大地盾一带。
Mount Logan 洛跟峰:Mount Logan is the highest peak in Canada and is located in the Yukon Territory of northwest Canada.
三年利率是多少加拿大最高峰,位于加拿大西北部的育空地区。
The Mackenzie River 马更些河:The Mackenzie River is the longest river in Canada, flowing between the Canadian Shield and the Rocky Mountains.
马更些河是加拿大最长的河流,流经加拿大地盾与西部落基山脉之间,全长1600公里。
3. Canadian History:
Whether your passion is skiing, sailing, muum-combing or indulging in exceptional cuisine, Canada has it all. Western Canada is renowned for its stunningly beautiful countryside; Eastern Canada mixes the flavor and charm of Europe with the bustle of trendy New York; wildlife viewing is at its best in Northern Canada; and, everywhere, you will be surprid by how much more there is to this country than just maple syrup and Mounties.
However, Canada also has its fair share of unsavory history. Traces of up to a dozen distinct groups of Inuit (Eskimos – Canada’s indigenous peoples) have been discovered across Canada’s far northern regions. During the 17th century, the Anglo-French war over Canada ended with the capitulation of the French Canadian capital, Québec, to the besieging forces of the English General Wolfe. The Americans made a number of efforts to ize control of Britain’s Canadian territories after British defeat in the American War of Independence, but failed, and the two countries thereafter evolved along different historical paths. In 1791, Canada was divided between regions occupied by the English-s
peaking and the longer-established French-speaking community, but the arrangement did not work and was replaced by a unified system.
Canada now promotes itlf as a country of peace, most notably in recent times in its opposition to the US-led war against Iraq. Canada governs itlf independently but still has the British monarch as its head of state, with relatively little disnt. The factors are typical of a country that somehow succeeds in unifying incredible range: whatever your passion, Canada has a place for it. After all, this country spans six time zones and borders three of the world’s four oceans.
4. 加拿大景点
Niagara falls 尼亚加拉大瀑布。
Quebec city 魁北克城(北美最古老的法语小镇)。
Banff National Park。班夫国家公园(在落基山里,有恐龙化石哟)见习期工作小结。
tianshi
Thousand Islands千岛湖地区。
Montreal蒙特丽尔城(巴黎外最大法语都市)。
Toronto CN Tower多伦多国家电视塔(世界最高的电视塔)。
5. 东湖绿道印第安问题
加拿大是一个多民族国家,大约由100多个民族构成,它们都有各自的语言、文化传统、世界观和道德准则。其中,土著居民(aboriginal people)占其总人口的3%左右。加拿大的土著民族包括印第安人、因纽特人(inuit)和梅蒂人(metis)。
1492年,克里斯托弗·哥伦布错误地以为自己到了印度,而将本地人命名为"印第安人",于是,印第安人便构成了加拿大一个特殊的民族--土著民族。
根据联邦法律,经"注册"如何理解实事求是的印第安人,即法律上被认同是印第安人的人,享有特定的权利和利益。在加拿大有近540,000名注册印第安人,约占加拿大总人口数的1.8%。大约55%的注册印第安人居住在名为"保留地"的指定区域,这些区域是政府为印第安人专门使用而划分出来的。加拿大为全国605个土著民族设立了2,200多个保留地,多数设在乡村地区,其中有许多是与世隔绝的,还有一些并未住人。
人类考古学家认为,北美印第安人是一万到三万年前从西伯利亚经由白令海峡迁移而来的。欧洲探险家和开拓者来到加拿大时,这里居住着形形色色的土著人,他们依靠自然环境过着游牧或定居的生活。他们中有猎人、渔夫、还有农民;有人好战,有人爱好和平。他们与土地和它所养育的一切生命之间存在着,而且现在依然存在着,一线深厚的、心灵上的联系。土著民族的文化包含有独特的精神信仰和仪式,其中许多是由先人一代一代的口头流传下来的。
1760年,英国获得了对北美洲大部分地区的控制权。三年以后发表了皇家声明,宣布为印第安人留出土地,还规定只有政府才能就土地事务与印第安人进行谈判。这份声明引出了一系列土地割让条约。根据这些条约,印第安人放弃了他们对指定的成片土地享有权利的主张,作为对方给予一次性现金支付和年金的交换。同时,一些保留地区也被划分出来了,作为供土著民族专用的区域。从欧洲和美国来加拿大的移民者不得在这些区域里定居。根据许多条约的有关条款,土著民族打猎和捕鱼的权利仍受到保护。从1830年起,加拿大东部地区的保留地被划归由政府管理和监督,因此土著人实际上成了国家的被监护人。
随着联邦的建立,新的联邦政府被赋予对"印第安人及印第安人保留地"的立法权。1876
年通过的第一部《印第安人法》赋予联邦政府以更大的权力来控制居住在保留地的印第安人。该法律指明什么人是印第安人而什么人不是,控制居民随意迁出保留地,还指明儿童应在什么时候、什么地方上学,但是不赋予印第安人投票权。该法的一些条款还赋予联邦政府管理无保留地印第安人的权力。
6. 爱斯基摩人
爱斯基摩人(印第安语),3000多年前到北极地区,传说是蒙古族的后代。在世界上约有13万人,多住在北极圈内的格陵兰岛(丹麦)、加拿大的北冰洋沿岸和美国的阿拉斯加州。
爱斯基摩人(Eskimos or Esquimaux)是北美洲北部(包括美国阿拉斯加北部、加拿大和格陵兰)的因纽特人(Inuit)以及阿拉斯加西部和俄罗斯西伯利亚东北部的尤皮克人(Yupik)的总称,两者使用很相似的语言,均属于爱斯基摩-阿留申语系。除爱斯基摩人外,其余的美洲土著居民则属于印第安人。这些美洲土著居民常被统称为美洲原住民。
爱斯基摩人祖先来自中国北方,大约是在一万年前从亚洲渡过白令海峡到达美洲的,或者
是通过冰封的海峡陆桥过去的。爱斯基摩人属于东部亚洲民族,与美洲印第安人不同之处在于具有更多的亚洲人的特征,他们与亚洲同时代的人有某些相同的文化特色,例如用火、驯犬及某些特殊仪式与医疗方法分别居住社会以地域集团为单位。首领多为萨满,行一夫一妻制。住房有石屋、木屋和雪屋。房屋一半陷入地下,门道极低。一般养狗,用以拉nba全明星赛雪橇。主要从事陆地或海上狩猎,辅以捕鱼和驯鹿。以猎物为主要生活来源:以肉为食,毛皮做衣物,油脂用于照明和烹饪,骨牙作工具和武器。男子狩猎和建屋,妇女制皮和缝纫。已使用现代渔猎工具,并乘汽艇从事海上狩猎,亦从事毛皮贸易。日益受到白人文化影响,在格陵兰地区已有80%的人移居小城镇;出现贫富分化,美国爱斯基摩人已有个别资本家。
从白令海峡到阿拉斯加、加拿大北部,经格陵兰岛一带,在北极圈生活的蒙古人种的一个集团。在身体上,文化上都适应于北极地区的生活。面部宽大,颊骨显著突出,眼角皱襞发达,四肢短,躯干大,不仅有这种形态,而且生理上也适应寒冷。但是外鼻比较突出,上、下颚骨强有力地横张着,因头盖正中线像龙骨一样突起,所以面部模样呈五角形。由于克服极端的环境生活,在人类学上引起注意。 [1]