名校版高考英语语法专题 定语从句
朗读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑单词为哪类关系词，在从句中充当什么成分，修饰的先行词是什么。
It was the summer of 2020, when① I came to Guangning No.1 Senior High School. Our school is a wonderful place, where②I can e a lot of beautiful buildings and a large square. Our classroom, the roof of which③looks like a rocket in the distance, is located in the center of our school. The main reason why④I like our school is that I can make many friends. I can get along with my_classmates here, two of whom⑤ are my best friends. Jack, who⑥comes from Tanbu Junior High School, is very active. He likes various sports, among whichbusy的最高级⑦ he likes running most.
He will run 5 kilometers every day, which⑧ makes him look strong. Nick, who⑨father is a teacher in Lianhe Junior High School, studies very hard. We often talk about the people and the things that⑩ we e in our school. Nick prefers the food that⑪is made in our canteen. The teacher whom⑫he likes is Mr Zhang, our math teacher, while my beloved tea
cher is my English teacher, Miss Chen. To be honest, I gradually fall in love with our school.
[用法体悟]
①先行词是the summer of 2020，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when (＝in which)引导定语从句。海参的滋补作用
②先行词是a wonderful place，在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where (＝at which)引导定语从句。
③先行词是Our_classroom，指物，关系词应用which。the roof of which中的of表所属关系，意为“我们教室的屋顶”。
④先行词是The_main_reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，用why引导。
⑤先行词是my_classmates，指人，关系词应用whom。two of whom中的of表示部分与整体的关系，意为“我的同班同学中的两个人”。
⑥先行词是Jack，在定语从句中作主语，用who引导。
⑦先行词是various_sports，关系词在介词among后作宾语，只能用which。
⑧先行词是“He will run 5 kilometers every day”整个句子，并在从句中作主语，定语从句应用which引导。
⑨先行词是Nick，在定语从句中作定语，表示Nick's，用who引导。
⑩先行词是the_people_and_the_things，既有人又有物，通常用that引导。
⑪先行词是the food，在定语从句中作主语，故用that或which引导。
⑫先行词是The teacher，在定语从句中作likes的累心宾语，故用whom或who引导。
[系统中整合规则]
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限制性和非限制性定语从句(与主句之间用逗号隔开)两种。定语从句的基本结
构为：先行词＋关系代词或关系副词＋从句。关系词有三大作用：指代先行词；引导定语从句；在从句中充当句子成分。
(一)关系代词的用法
1．关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 | 修饰的先行词 | 在从句中所作成分 |
| 打破常规思维 who | 人 | 作主语、宾语 |
whom | p开头的英文名人 | 作宾语 |
which | 事物 | 作主语、宾语 |
that | 人或事物 | 作主语、宾语、表语 | 陪孩子长大
who | 人或事物 | 作定语 |
as | 人或事物，一般用于“such ...as” “the same ...as” “as ...as”结构中 | 作主语、宾语 |
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2．五种只用that而不用which的情况
(1)先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时；
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourlf?
你有什么要为自己说的吗？
(2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only, the very (恰恰，正好), the last, all, no, few, little, any等修饰时；
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever en.
这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。
This is the only thing that we can do now.
这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。
(3)先行词既有人又有物时；
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
你告诉我的那位科学家和他的成就为我们所有人所钦佩。
(4)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时；
Shanghai is no longer the city that it ud to be.
上海不再是过去的那座城市了。
(5)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
站在门口的那个人是谁？
3．which与as引导非限制性定语从句的3点区别
| which | as |
位置上 | 只能放在主句的后面 | 位置灵活，可位于句首、句中也可置于句末七一勋章获得者名单 |
搭配上 | 无动词的限制 | 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如e, hear, know, expect, remember等 |
意思上 | 意为“这一点”（前后有因果关系） | 表示“正如……，正像……样” | 创意无极限
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(二)关系副词的用法
