肾脏移植出现重大突破，配型不合不再是问题
学生发展核心素养New Procedure Allows Kidney Transplants From Any Donor
肾脏移植出现重大突破，配型不合不再是问题
委托书如何写In the anguishing wait for a new kidney, tens of thousands of patients on waiting lists may never find a match becau their immune systems will reject almost any transplanted organ. Now, in a large national study that experts are calling revolutionary, rearchers have found a way to get them the desperately needed procedure.
移植排队名单上成千上万的患者痛苦地等待着匹配的肾源，但他们很可能永远等不到那一天——因为他们的免疫系统会排斥几乎所有移植器官。而今，在一项被专家们誉为“具有革命性意义的”大型全国性研究中，研究人员找到了一种方法可以满足这些迫切需要手术的患者。
大耳念什么In the new study, published Wednesday in The New England Journal of Medicine, doctors successfully altered patients’ immune systems to allow them to accept kidneys from incompatible donors. Significantly more of tho patients were still alive after eight years th
an patients who had remained on waiting lists or received a kidney transplanted from a decead donor.
电磁场与微波技术
这项周三（3月9日）发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》(The New England Journal of Medicine)上的新研究称，医生们成功地改造了患者的免疫系统，使得他们可以接受配型不合的供体肾。8年后，这些患者的存活率显著高于仍在排队等待移植或接受了已故供者肾移植的患者。
The method, known as densitization, “has the potential to save many lives,” said Dr. Jeffery Berns, a kidney specialist at the University of Pennsylvania’s Perelman School of Medicine and the president of the National Kidney Foundation.
宾夕法尼亚大学佩尔蒙医学院(University of Pennsylvania’s Perelman School of Medicine)的肾病专家，美国肾脏病基金会(National Kidney Foundation)主席杰弗里·伯恩斯(Jeffery Berns)说，这种被称为“脱敏”(densitization)的方法“有望挽救许多人的生命”。
It could slash the wait times for thousands of people and for some, like Clint Smith, a 56-y
ear-old lawyer in New Orleans, mean the difference between receiving a transplant and spending the rest of their lives on dialysis.
它可以减少数千人的等待时间，而且，对于像新奥尔良的56岁律师克林特·史密斯(Clint Smith)一类的患者，它意味着接受移植与终生透析的差别。兔子吃什么食物
别董大的诗意
The procedure, Mr. Smith said, “changed my life.”
史密斯先生说，这个疗法“改变了我的人生”。
Rearchers estimate about half of the 100,000 people in the United States on waiting lists for a kidney transplant have antibodies that will attack a transplanted organ, and about 20 percent are so nsitive that finding a compatible organ is all but impossible. In addition, said Dr. Dorry Segev, the lead author of the new study and a transplant surgeon at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, an unknown number of people with kidney failure simply give up on the waiting lists after learning that their bodies would reject just about any organ. Instead, they resign themlves to dialysis, a difficult and draining procedure that can pretty much take over a person’s life.
研究人员估计，在美国排队等待肾移植的10万名患者中，有约一半带有会攻击移植器官的抗体，有约20%的人非常敏感，以至于几乎不可能找到匹配的器官。此外，这项新研究的主要作者，约翰斯·霍普金斯大学医学院(Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)的移植外科医生多莉·塞格夫(Dorry Segev)博士说，还有数目不详的肾功能衰竭患者在得知他们的身体会排斥基本上所有的移植器官之后，干脆放弃了等待移植，将就地去接受透析——一种帮人排出体内多余水分的费事做法，一旦接受透析，患者的整个生活几乎都将受制于它。
Densitization involves first filtering the antibodies out of a patient’s blood. The patient is then given an infusion of other antibodies to provide some protection while the immune system regenerates its own antibodies. For some reason — exactly why is not known — the person’s regenerated antibodies are less likely to attack the new organ, Dr. Segev said. But if the person’s regenerated natural antibodies are still a concern, the patient is treated with drugs that destroy any white blood cells that might make antibodies that would attack the new kidney.
“脱敏”疗法大致如下：首先过滤出患者血液中的抗体。然后为患者注入其他抗体，这样，在患者免疫系统重新生成抗体的过程中就可以得到一定的保护。塞格夫博士说，出于某种确切机制尚不清楚的原因，患者新产生的抗体攻击移植器官的可能性减小了。不过，如果重生的天然抗体仍然影响移植，就需要用药物破坏掉所有能合成抗体攻击新肾脏的白细胞。
4月15
The process is expensive, costing $30,000, and us drugs not approved for this purpo. The transplant costs about $100,000. But kidney specialists argue that densitization is cheaper in the long run than dialysis, which costs $70,000 a year for life.
该疗法十分昂贵，费用高达3万美元，而且相关药物并未获批用于此目的。移植费用约为10万美元。但肾病专家指出，从长远来看，“脱敏”还是比透析（一年的费用约为7万美元）更为合算。
Although by far the biggest u of densitization would be for kidney transplants, the process might be suitable for living-donor transplants of livers and lungs, rearchers sai
d. The liver is less nsitive to antibodies so there is less need for densitization, “but it’s certainly possible if there are known incompatibilities,” Dr. Segev said. With lungs, he said, densitization “is theoretically possible,” although he said he was not aware of anyone doing it yet.
研究人员表示，虽然目前“脱敏”的最大用途是肾脏移植，该疗法很可能也适用于肝脏和肺的活体移植。肝脏对抗体较不敏感，所以对“脱敏”的需求较少，“但如果出现配型不合的问题，用“脱敏”来治疗当然有其可能性，”塞格夫博士说。对于肺，他认为脱敏“在理论上可行”，不过他表示自己并不知道有什么人在进行这方面的尝试。
孕妇吃牛肉In the new study, 1,025 patients at 22 medical centers who had an incompatible donor were compared to an equal number of patients who remained on waiting lists for an organ or who had an organ from a decead but compatible donor. After eight years, 76.5 percent of tho who received an incompatible kidney were still alive, compared with 62.9 percent who remained on the waiting list or received a decead donor kidney and 43.9 percent who remained on the waiting list but never got a transplant.
