北师大版初三英语第4讲：unit2语法篇（教师版）
Unit 2语法篇
__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________理解并掌握被动语态的结构及用法
被动语态
1. 被动语态的构成：be + p.p. (past participle动词的过去分词)
2. 不同时态的被动语态的构成
一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are + p.p.
一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + p.p.
一般将来时的被动语态：will be + done/ be going to + p.p.
现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are + being + p.p.
过去进行时的被动语态：was/were + being + p.p.
现在完成时的被动语态：have/has + been + p.p.
过去完成时的被动语态：had+ been + p.p.
含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词(can，may，must)+ be + p.p.
eg: The room is filled with smoke.
The bridge wasn’t built until 1914.
Everything will be done to put out the fire.
The room is being cleaned at the moment.
He told me that the road was being repaired.
All of the food has been eaten up.
My homework had been done before I went home.
3. 使役动词、感官动词的被动语态
带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：
(1) We always keep the classroom clean. (keep sth. clean)
黑洞的秘密→The classroom is always kept clean. (sth be kept clean)
(2) She told us not to stay up late. (tell sb not to do …)
→We were told not to stay up late . (sb. be told not to do …)
水浒传读后感800字注意：在e，watch，hear，notice，listen to，look at，make，feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都补上to。
We often hear him play the guitar. →He is often heard to play the guitar.
记住下列变化：
e sb do…be en to do
hear sb do….be heard to do
listen to sb do be listened to do
make sb do…be made to do
紫藤萝花4. 有些动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，当它们和well，badly，easily等副词连用时，
表示主语内在品质或使用性能，是不及物动词，不用被动语态。
常见的有：write，read，clean，ll，wash，cook 等。
eg: The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。
The new computer lls well. 这新产品很畅销。
The printer prints quickly. 这个打印机打印很快。
对比：The books ll well. (主动句) The books were sold out. (被动句)
5. 被动语态的解题思路
(1) 判断主语与谓语动词的主被动关系
(2) 根据时间状语判断时态
(3) 根据不同时态被动语态的构成解出正确答案
1. ---The famous tower _______ more than 300 years ago.
A.build
B.builds
C.built
D.was built
2. This classroom ____________ for English Corner.
尿酸高喝什么茶/doc/d918128702.html,es
B.is using
C. can be ud
D.shall u
3. ---Will teachers __________ by computers in the future，Tony?
---Maybe yes，maybe no. But I’m sure we will learn something from both of them.
A.have replaced
B.are replacing
C.are replaced
D.be replaced
4. My sister _______ to the party yesterday. She had a good time with her friends.
A.invites
B.invited
C.was invited
D.is invited
5. ---Food safety is very important.
---So some rules _________ to stop people from polluting food.
A. must make
B.must be made
C.must made
D.be made
罗威娜6. People who don’t work should be made________.
A.work
B.worked
C.to work
D.working
7. A party _______ in our school next month. I’m looking forward to it.
A. held
B.holds
C. is held
D.will be held
8. So far，the moon _______ by man already.
A.is visited
B.will be visited
C. has been visited
D.was visited
9. The flowers ____________ often.
A.must be water
B.must be watered
C. must watered
D.must water
10. Mary___________ show me her new dictionary.
A.has asked to
形容七月
B.asks to
C. is asked
D.was asked to
解析：
1.tower和build的关系为被动，表示塔被建造；根据时间状语ago可知为一般过去时。一般过去时的构成为：was/were + p.p.故选D。
三更灯火五更鸡正是男儿读书时
2. classroom和u的关系为被动，只有C选项是被动，情态动词的被动语态，情态动词+ be + p.p.题意为“这间教室可以被用作英语角”。故选C。
3. 题意为“将来老师会被电脑取代吗？”，一般将来时的被动语态，will + be + p.p.，故选D。
4. 题意为“我的妹妹昨天被邀请去了聚会”时间状语yesterday，my sister和invite的关系为被动，一般过去时的被动语态，故选C。
5. 题意为“食品安全非常重要，因此必须制定一些规则来阻止人们污染食物”，rules和make的关系为被动，并且该句表示强制语气，用情态动词must，故选B。
6. 题意为“那些不工作的人们应该工作”。该题包含一个定语从句“who don’t work”用来修饰people，make为使役动词，在被动语态中，宾语补足语应用to do的形式，故选C。
7. party和hold关系为被动，根据时间状语next month，可知该题为一般将来时的被动语态，故选D。
8. moon和visit关系为被动，月球被人类到访，so far，already为现在完成时的时间状语标志，故选C。
9. 根据选项，题意为“花必须经常被浇水”，情态动词的被动语态must + be + p.p.故选B。
10. 题意为“玛丽被要求向我展示她的新字典”，ask sb. to do sth. 动词不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态，动词不定式保持不变，故选D。
答案：
1-5 DCDCB 6-10 CDCBD
基础演练
乌尤尼盐沼用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。
1.Which language _______ the most widely ________(speak) in the world?
2.The old man is ill. He _____________(must nd) to the hospital.
3.They __________ (make) of metal and wood.
4.Can the magazine __________ (take) out of the library?
5.Some flowers _____________(water) by Li Ming already.
6.This kind of shoes _________ (ll) well.
/doc/d918128702.html,st year a large number of trees __________(cut) down.
