英语词汇学自考题-27
(总分：89.99，做题时间：90分钟)
一、{{B}}Ⅰ.{{/B}}(总题数：35，分数：35.00)
1.Vocabulary is the most ______ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.
∙ A. unbalanced
∙ B. unstable
∙ C. unhinged
∙ D. undoubted
（分数：1.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：[解析] 词的形式和内容总是处于变化之中，是语言中最不稳定的因素。答案为B。
2.Shakespeare is difficult to understand than contemporary writings becau many of his words were ud in different ______ from what they have now in dictionaries.
∙ A. ns
∙ B. forms
∙ C. dialects
∙ D. terms
泡洋姜
（分数：1.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：[解析] 题干译文：莎士比亚的作品比当代作品难理解的原因是什么?莎士比亚的作品比今天的文章更难懂得多，因为他使用的词义与今天词典里给出的词义有所不同。答案为A。
3.In Shakespeare's well-known Hamlet, rival means "______" and jump means "just".
∙ A. janitor
∙ B. partner
∙ C. collector
都江堰旅游∙ D. obrver
（分数：1.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：[解析] 在莎士比亚的名著《哈姆雷特》中，rival作partner(同伴)讲。答案为B。
4.Among the types of word-meaning changes, ______ and narrowing are the most common by far.
∙ A. degradation
∙ B. transfer
∙ C. elevation
∙ D. extension
（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C.
D. √
解析：[解析] Of the word-meaning changes, extension and narrowing are by far the mo
st common. 在词义变化类型中，词义的扩大和词义的缩小是最为常见的。答案为D。
5.Extension of meaning are known as ______.
∙ A. elevation
∙ B. generalization
∙ C. transfer
∙ D. degradation
（分数：1.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：[解析] Extension of meaning is also known as generalization. 词义的扩大也称普遍化。答案为B。
鸡肝粥6.Extension refers to the ______ of meaning which some words undergo.
∙ A. widening
∙ B. narrowing
∙ C. degrading 樊锦诗
∙ D. specializing
齐桓晋文之事原文及翻译（分数：1.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：[解析] Extension of meaning, also known as generalization, is the name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo．词义的扩大也称普遍化，是指词的意义的扩展。答案为A。
7.Loud colours belongs to ______.
∙ A. transfer of nsations
∙ B. transfer between abstract and concrete meanings
∙ C. transfer from objective to subjective
∙ D. transfer from subjective to objective
（分数：1.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：[解析] In addition, there is transfer of nsations, for example, clear-sounding (from sight to hearing), loud colours(from hearing to sight). 此外还有一种是感觉的转移，如clear-hearing(从视觉到听觉的转移)，loud colour(从听觉到视觉的转移)。答案为A。
8.The original meaning of barn is ______.
∙ A. a place for storing only barley
∙ B. a storeroom
∙ C. a restroom
∙ D. a bathroom
（分数：1.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：[解析] Barn was once "a place for storing only barley", but now has extended to mean a "storeroom". barn原义为“收藏大麦的仓库”，现在词义扩大为“仓库”。答案为A。
9.The original meaning of manuscript is ______.
∙ A. any author's writing
∙ B. handwriting
∙ C. any author's works
∙ D. a piece of paper
（分数：1.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：[解析] The word manuscript, which now means "any author's writing whether writte
n by hand or typed with a type-writer or a word-processor." but its original meaning was "handwriting" only. manuscript现义为“手稿”，不论作者是手写还是打印，或者是用文字处理机书写，而其原义为“手迹”。答案为B。
10.The meaning of picture changed by the mode of ______.
∙ A. extension
∙ B. narrowing
∙ C. degradation 上下五千年
∙ D. elevation
（分数：1.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：[解析] The word picture, which originally denoted mere "painting", but now has come to include "drawings" and even "photographs". picture一词原义为“绘画”，现义为各种画，甚至连照片也包括在内，由此可见是词义扩大了。答案为A。
11.The four major modes of mantic change are ______.
东方巨龙∙ A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation
∙ B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation
∙ C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation
∙ D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation
（分数：1.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：[解析] Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and transfer．词义变化有词义的扩大、缩小、升格和转移。答案为A。
12.Extension can be illustrated by the following example: ______.
∙ A. butcher—one who kills goats
∙ B. journal—periodical
∙ C. companion—one who shares bread
∙ 吴昊昊D. mill—places for grinding
（分数：1.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：[解析] 题干译文：词义的扩大可通过下列哪项例子得到证实?词义的扩大也称普遍化，是指词的意义的扩展。这是一个词的词义从表达某一专门意义转化到表示概括意义的过程。选项A、C和D均是词的原义，只有选项B中的journal原义为“日志”，词义扩大为periodical(学报)。答案为B。
13.A legal term "alibi" signifying "plea that the accud is not at the place when the crime is committed " now means "excu". This change of word-meaning is called ______.
∙ A. transfer
∙ B. narrowing
∙ C. extension
∙ D. degradation
（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C. √
D.
解析：[解析] Extension of meaning is also found in many technical terms, which as the te
rm suggests are confined to specialized u. 许多意义有专指的技术术语中也有词义扩大的现象。比如说，alibi原义为“不在犯罪现场的抗辨”，现义为“辩解，托辞”。答案为C。
