英语词汇学笔记整理
Part 1 前缀(Prefixes)
1. Negative prefixes
a-;an-缺少、缺乏
amoral(缺德) axual(雌雄同体的) asymmetry(不均匀的)
anarchy(无政府的)
dis-否、不
dishonest
non-非、否
non-black(非黑人区的) non-science non-smoker nonresistant(非抵抗)
in-；i-；im-；ir-
complete——incomplete correct——incorrect
小结：清辅音[k],[f],[t]前的前缀加in-;唇音之前加im-;“l”前加il-;“r”前加ir-。所以加什么样的前缀由单词的首字母决定。
un-不
unhappy unfriendly infamous
2. Pejorative prefixes 表贬义
mal-不好的，坏的
maltreat(虐待) malformed(畸形的) malnutrition(营养不良的)
malfunction(功能紊乱)
mis-错误的
misdial(拨错号) misleading(误导) misbehaved(行为不规范) misconception(错误的认知)
pudo-错，假的
pudoscience(伪科学) pudo teaching(实习)电脑内存占用高
老师错了3. Reversative prefixes 表逆转的前缀
de-
defrost(除霜) deplane(下飞机) deindustrialization(非工业化的) decode(解码)
家常腐竹的做法dis- 表示动作的逆转
disconnect(切断) dishearten(泄气) disown(抛弃)
4. Prefixes of degree or size
arch- means “most”\”supreme”常带有贬义
archenemy archbishop(红衣大主教) arch monetarist(拜金主义者)
co- “joint” or “equally”
coexistence(共存的) combine colleague correspondence(通信联系)
小结：co-这个前缀根据所跟单词的首字母而发生变化
在元音前加co-；-b\-p之前用com-;-l之前用col-;-f\-c\-g前用con-;-r之前用cor-
hyper-means “extreme”
hyperactive(过于活跃的) hyper cautious(过分小心的)
mini-means “little”
minibus miniskirt ministered minimal
五加茸血口服液
maxi-means “big”
maxi coat maxi skirt
out-means “surpassing”,程度多，超过
outclass(优质的) outlive(长寿的) outgrow
over-means “excessive” 相当的，带贬义
overeat overweight overestimate(高估) overwork overjoyed(欣喜若狂的) overflow(溢出)
sub- 亚，次的
subculture(亚文化) subtext(潜台词) subconscious(潜意识)
subsonic(低音速)
super- 超级
supernatural(超自然的) superman
sur- means “over and above” 超
surcharge(额外收费) surtax(附加税) surreal(超现实)
ultra- 相当，非常
第一次农民起义 ultramodern ultraconrvative(非常保守的) ultrasonic(超音速)
ultraviolet(紫外线)
under- 低于
undercharged underestimate(低估)
5. Prefixes of orientation and attitude
anti- means “against” 反……
anticlockwi(逆时针) anti-aging(抗衰老的) antibacterial(抗菌的) antineutron(反中子)
奥尼尔球衣contra- means “opposite”, “contrasting”
contradiction conrafactual
counter- means “against”, “in opposition to”
counterattack counterexample countercurrent(逆电流)
pro- 支持，站在……一方
pro-European pro-student
6. Locative prefixes 表示方位的前缀
fore- 前部
forearm foreground forehead foreword
inter- means “between”, “among” 在……之间
international intermarry(近亲结婚) internet
sub- means “under”
submarine(潜水艇) subway sublet(转租)
super- means “above”
superstructure(上层建筑物)
trans- means “across”
transform(变形) transplant transcontinental(跨州的)
7. Prefixes of time and order 表示时间和顺序的前缀
强力枇杷露的功效ex- means “former” 以前的
ex-husband ex-president
fore- 表时间
foree(预见) foretell(预言)
post- means “after”
postmodernism(后现代的) postwar(战后) posttretment(复建)
pre- 在……之前
preschooler(学龄前儿童) prehistory(史前史) pre-liberation(解放前)
8. Number prefixes
bi-;di- means “two” 双
bimonthly(双月的) bicycle(自行车) bilingual(双语的) bigamy(重婚) dioxide(二氧化物) disyllable(双音节)
multi-;poly- means “many” 多，几个
multi-national polygamy(一夫多妻制) polyandry(一妻多夫制)
mi-;demi-;hemi- means “half” 半
militerate(半文盲) demigod(半人半神) hemisphere(半球) mivowel(半元音)
tri- 三
triangle(三角形) tricycle(三轮车) trinity(三维一体) trilingual(三语的)
uni-; mono- means “one” 单一的
uniform monogamy(一夫一妻制) monologue(独自)
9. Neo- Classical prefixes 与科技有关的
auto- means “lf”
autobiography(自传) autosuggestion(自荐) autocrat(独裁)
extra- 超的
extraordinary(特殊的) extraterrestrial(外星的)
neo- means “new” 新的
neo-Nazi(新纳粹党) neo-impressionism(新映像派)
pan- means “all”, “world-wide”
pan-Americanism 泛美主义
proto- means “first”, ”original” 原始的，最初的
protohistory(史前人类学) prototype(原型，典型)
tele- means “distant” 远程的
telescope telegram television
Part 2 Suffixation 后缀
1. Noun suffixes
[1] noun + noun suffixes, abstract 由此类词缀构成的名词表示抽象的概念
连云港旅游景点
-age means “measure of” or “collection of”
Baggage luggage percentage(集合名词，百分比，不能和数字直接连用) mileage(里程)
-dom means “the state of being”
kingdom officialdom(官僚) stardom(明星地位)
-ery, -ry
slavery nunnery(尼姑庵) nurry refinery(精炼)
-ful means “the amount contained”
handful mouthful spoonful
-hood means “the state” or “time of being something”
childhood boyhood brotherhood neighborhood widowhood
