北 京 林 业 大 学
2004年硕士研究生入学考试 语言学基础知识 试题
I. Below are some questions and statements with missing words, each followed by four possible answers or fillers marked A, B, C and D. In some cas, only one choice is correct while in others more than one should be chon. Choo all the correct ones. (30 points, 2 points each)
1. Language is ______.
A. a means of verbal communication B. a purpoful act
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C. social and conventional D. true of both human beings and animals
2. A linguistic study is ______ if it describes and analys facts obrved.
A. prescriptive B. synchronic
C. diachronic D. descriptive
3. The sounds in the production of which there is an obstruction of the airstream at some point of the vocal tract are known as ______.牙线棒怎么用
A. consonants B. places of articulation
C. vowels D. manners of articulation
4. [f] is a ______.
A. voiced bilabial stop B. voiceless bilabial fricative
C. voiceless labiodental fricative D. voiced labiodental fricative
5. [i] is a ______.
A. high front unrounded vowel B. high front rounded vowel
C. high middle vowel D. high back vowel
6. Which of the following is a broad transcription of the word rap?
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A. [ræp] B. [æ?p] C. [æh] D. [æ¬]
7. The basic unit of phonological analysis is the ______.
A. allophone B. phoneme C. sound D. minimal pair
8. Look at the following examples:
i) the man went to the theater ii) *man to the theater went the
It shows the importance of ______ in producing the acceptable utterance in a language.
A. word order B. substitutability C. co-occurrence D. constituents
9. Which of the following are instances of Ca?
A. Animate B. Accusative C. Nominative D. Dative
10. Which of the following are related to Noam Chomsky?
A. Generative Grammar. B. Functional Grammar.
C. Standard Theory. D. GB Theory.
11. Which of the following are related to M A K Halliday?
A. Transformational Grammar. B. Functional Grammar.
C. Binding Theory. D. Theme and Rheme.
12. Which of the following are areas of sociolinguistics?
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A. Variations. B. Sexism
C. Register. D. “Garden Path” ntences.
13. How to Do Things with Words was written by ______.
A. John Austin B. William James
C. H. P. Grice D. Stephen Levinson
14. The Cooperative Principle was formulated by ______.
A. John Austin B. William James
C. H. P. Grice D. Stephen Levinson
15. Which of the following contains a metaphor?
A. O, my luve is like a red, red ro
B. All the world’s a stage
C. And all the men and women merely players
D. Death lays his icy hand on kings
西洋参有什么功效和作用II. Decide whether the following statements are True (T) or Fal (F). (20 points, 2 points each)
1. The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary.
2. The narrow transcriptions of speak and peak are [spi:k] and [pi:k] respectively.
3. The following rule shows “complementary distribution”:
/p/ [p=] / [s]______
[ph闺女] in other places
4. Ten and aspect are two important categories of the verb.
5. The phra poor John is an endocentric construction.
6. The standard theory refers to the theory of grammar outlined in Chomsky’s Lectures on Government and Binding.
7. An Introduction to Functional Grammar (1985, 1994) was written by M A K Halliday.
8. Sociolinguistics studies how language is affected by social factors.
9. In the following exchange, Guest has violated the Maxim of Relevance当今时代的主题:
Host: Would you like a cocktail? It’s my own invention.
Guest: Well, mmm uh it’s not that we don’t not drink.
10. The following ntence is an instance of metaphor:百花草
The world is like a stage.
III. Define the following terms. (25 points, 5 points each)
1. interpersonal function
2. syntagmatic relation
3. the mantic triangle
4. the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
5. I-narrators
IV. Discuss the phonological rule that underlies the third person singular prent ten forms of verbs in English. Keep in mind the following forms:
1) He works eight hours a day, six days a week.
2) The girl comes here every Saturday.
3) She us the computer at night.
(25 points)
V. Determine the allomorphy of the prefix in- on the basis of the data below. Group the data according to the variants and try to determine which kinds of ba take which kinds of prefix allomorph and what kind of mechanism is responsible for the allomorphy. Formulate a rule and then test it against prefix-ba pairs that are not mentioned below.
