定义:
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。
情态动词后面加动词原形。
分类:
情态动词有四类:
①只做情态动词:must,can(could),may(might),ought to
②可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need,dare
③可做情态动词又可做助动词:shall(should),will(would)
④具有情态动词特征:have(had) to,ud to
位置:
情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。
I can e you. Come here.
我能看见你,过来吧。
He must have been away.
他一定走了。
What can I do for you
我能帮你吗
How dare you treat us like that!
你怎能那样对待我们!
特点:
情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去,现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态。
He could be here soon.
内蒙古一本线 他很快就来。
We can't carry the heavy box.
我们搬不动那箱子。
I'm sorry I can't help you.
对不起,我帮不上你。
基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是,基本助动词本身没有词义,而情态助动词则有自己的词义,能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法,或表示主观设想:
What have you been doing since (构成完成进行体,本身无词义)
I am afraid I must be going. (一定要)
You may have read some account of the matter. (或许已经)
除此之外,情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征:
1) 除ought和ud以外,其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought to和ud to看做是固定词组的话,那么,所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式:
We ud to grow beautiful ros.
I asked if he would come and repair my television t.
2) 情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一:
They need not have been punished so verely.
s开头的英文单词 3) 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候,没有词形变化,即其词尾无-s形式:
She dare not say what she thinks.
4) 情态动词没有非限定形式,即没有不定式和分词形式,也没有相应的动名词:
Still, she needn't have run away.
5) 情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合,情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间:
Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something
赚钱秘诀 She told him he ought not to have done it.
6) 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的,即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词,但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用:
You should have washed the wound.
Well, you shouldn't be reading a novel.
用法
银耳的营养价值 首先它是动词,而且不同于行为动词,行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作(如写,读,跑),而情态动词只是表达的一种想法(如能,也许,敢)。
用法是:情态动词+行为动词原形
例句:I can read this ntence in English.
我能用英语读这句话。
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
We can be there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。
May I have your name 我能知道你的名字吗
Shall we begin now我们现在就开始吗
You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规。
情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:
can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would),have (to) ,had better.
功能有何特长一般填什么好
助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类:基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基本助动词有三个:do, have和be;情态助动词有十三个:may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, ud to, ought to. 上述两类助动词的共同特征是,在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时,具有作用词的功能:
1) 构成否定式:
He didn't go and neither did she.
The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock.
2) 构成疑问式或附加疑问式:
Must you leave right now
You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you
3) 构成修辞倒装:
Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister.
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.
4) 代替限定动词词组:
A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle
B: Tom can.
A: Shall I write to him
B: Yes, do.
can和could的用法
1. 表示能力或客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许。如:
Can you finish this work tonight
Man cannot live without air.
— Can I go now — Yes, you can.
注意:①could也可表示请求,语气委婉,主要用于疑问句,不可用于肯定句,答语应用can(即could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中)。如:
Could I come to e you tomorrow
Yes, you can. (否定答语可用No, I'm afraid not.)
②can表示能力时,还可用be able to代替。如:
I'll not be able to come this afternoon.
2. 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。(主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)
Can this be true
How can you be so careless!
清廉文化墙 This cannot be done by him.
3. “can(could) + have + 过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。如:
贾平凹小说
He cannot have been to that town.
Can he have got the book
4. 用在疑问句及否定句中,表示惊讶,不相信等.
5. cannot```too\enough表示"无论怎样``````也不过分","越``````越好"
may和might的用法
1. 表示许可。
晚上好祝福语
表示请求、允许时,might比may的语气更委婉一些,否定回答时(口语中常用) no , you can't . or , yes, plea 用mustn't表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意(具有强烈禁止的意思)如:
You may drive the car.
— Might I u your pen — No, you mustn't.
用May I ... 征询对方许可在文体上比较正式,在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中,用Can I ... 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。
2. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如:
May you succeed!
3. 表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。
He may be very busy now.
4. “may(might) + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的行为的推测。如:
He may not have finished the work.
must和have to的用法
1. 表示必须、必要。(must表示主观多一些而have to则表示客观多一些)如:
You must come in time.