Invented Words
New words appear in English every day. Do you know how the words are born? Read the following passage to find various ways English words are invented.
英语中每天都有新词出现。你知道这些词是怎么产生的吗？阅读下文你就能找到造英语单词的各种方法。
Scholars guess that English has about 600 000 words, but there are probably more. New words continue to come into the language at such a rate that no dictionary could possibly keep up with them. The old words which were born centuries ago in the Anglo-Saxon, Germanic and French languages make up four fifths of the English language. The other one fifth is made up partly of borrowed words and partly of three other kinds of words: words from the names of peoples and places; imitative words; and invented words.
学者们估计英语大约有600 000个单词，不过也许更多。新的词语不断进入英语，其速度之快，大概没有一本字典能跟得上。几个世纪以前， 源于盎格鲁•撒克逊语、日尔曼语以及法
孙悟空的坟墓语的原有词汇 ，占英语的五分之四。余下的五分之一，一部分由外来词组成，另外的部分由其它三种词组成，它们是：表示人名、地名的专有名词；象声词以及新造的词。
Ampere, volt and watt are all units of electricity, and they are named for the men who discovered them; Andre M. Ampere, a French physicist; Alessandro Volta, an Italian physicist; and James Watt, a Scottish engineer and inventor. Nowadays we all drink pasteurized milk, that is, milk which is clean and purified. Pasteurized gets its name from Louis Pasteur, a French doctor who invented the process for purifying milk. There are many words like this in the English language.
安培、伏特和瓦特都是电学的计量单位，它们都是用发现者的名字命名的，他们分别是是法国物理学家安德烈•思念友人的诗句 M• 安培、意大利物理学家阿勒森德罗•伏特、苏格兰工程师兼发明家詹姆士•瓦特。今天我们都喝用巴氏灭菌法消毒的牛奶，这种奶即清又纯。巴氏灭菌法便得名于法国医生路易斯•巴斯德，是他发明了消毒牛奶 的制作方法。在英语中像这样的词有许多。
Imitative words are words that sound like the thing or action they stand for. Here are som
e examples:
buzz click bang mumble chirp bawl
crash clap mutter giggle hum gulp
赫耳墨斯 There is no need to say anything el about the words, for they speak for themlves. You can probably think of many more.
说话检讨书象声词代表它们模仿的事物或行为的声音。现举例如下：
嗡嗡 滴答 砰砰 咕哝 喳喳 嚎啕
鱼腥草泡水喝的功效和副作用 扑通 啪啪 嘀咕 咯咯 嘤嘤 呼哧
对于上述单词无需再作任何解释，因为它们不言自明。或许你还可以想出更多类似的单词来。
Then there are the invented words. English-speaking people have always made up words
as it suited them, and they continue to do so every day. One kind of invented word is one which is made up of two other words. Dictionaries call this kind of word a compound. If you put "play" and "thing" together, you get the compound, "plaything." How many can you add to this list?
踪的组词
raincoat milkshake upstairs standstill headlight 清晨寄语
雪莲果功效
shutout sailboat downstairs income headline
接下来是新造的词。讲英语的人总是根据需要创造词汇，而且每天仍在这样做。一种新 造的词是由另外两个词构成的。字典里将这种词称为复合词。如果把“玩耍”和“物品”放在一起，我们就可以得到复合词“玩具”。你还能为下表添加多少类似的词呢？
雨衣 奶昔 楼上 停顿 前灯
关闭 帆船 楼下 收入 标题
As well as putting two whole words together, we also add parts of words called prefixes and suffixes to the whole words. Most prefixes and suffixes come from Latin or Greek, and each has a special meaning of its own. When we add a prefix before a word or a suffix at the end of it, we change its meaning. For example, the prefix re- means "again." If we add re- to "do" or "paint", we get two new words meaning "do again" and "paint again." Un- means "the opposite of" or "not." By adding un- to "happy" or "kind", we get "unhappy" or "unkind", meaning "not happy" and "not kind." The suffix -ness means "the condition of." "Happiness" and "kindness" are the conditions of being happy and kind. It is easy to e the meanings of unhappiness and unkindness. The word to which we attach the prefixes and suffixes is called the root word. In a word like unkindness the root word is kind.
