汉语递系结构发展演变史英文摘要职称证书有哪些
The Development of Chine Pivotal Structure
Abstract
This paper diachronically studies the development of Chine Pivotal Structure on the basis of ten corpora reflecting the characteristics of oral mandarin from the ancient times to the Qing Dynasty.The whole paper consists of five parts: introduction, the grammatical features and diachronic evolution of the structure of Chine Causative-verb Pivotal Structure, t he grammatical features and diachronic evolution of the structure of Chine you/wu Pivotal Structure, the grammatical features and diachronic evolution of the other structures of Chine Pivotal Structure and Conclusion.
The introduction mainly analyzes the general situation of the rearch, and defines the rearch object of this paper.
The first part investigates and analyzes the evolution of the structure of the Chine Causative-verb Pivotal Structure from the ancient to modern Chine.The Causative-verb Pivotal Structure is divided into two kinds. One is the normal form“ V1+OS+V2”, in which “the Subjective-Object” isn’t omitted. The
other is “V1+V2”, where“the Subjective-Object” is omitted. “ V1+OS+V2” is the most abundant in the past dynasties and to be the predicate is its most common syntactic function. From <Zuozhuan> to <Legend of Heroes and Heroines>, the number of Causative-verbs1 shows a trend of gradual increa. By the time of Ming and Qing Dynasties, the number of V1 has been greatly incread, and the u of it has become more and more frequent. “使” has been in u for the longest time, It was divided into“使1” and “使2” in <Zuozhuan>, and they were the most widely ud verbs at that time.
Commonly ud as “使1” was, it was ud far more often than “使2” in Ancient China. During the DongHan Dynasty, the usage of “使2” was far more than “使1” in <Qiminyaoshu> and <Shishuoxinyu>, and in the Qing Dynasty ,“使1” was not ud in <Legend of Heroes and Heroines> . The diachronic u and replacement of “教”“交”and“叫”,“教1”was budded in Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties, its was the earliest one of “教”“交”and“叫”.“交2”was the cond one and it was budded in Tang Dynasty.“叫1”was the last one and it was budded in Yuan Dynasty.“教”“交”
英文摘要汉语递系结构发展演变史and“叫”were ud together in the Yuan Dynasty, “交”was the most frequently ud at that time. “教”“交”and“叫”were still ud together in the Ming Dynasty, “教”and “叫”were partially mixed on “calling” meaning. “教”and“交”gradually withdrew from the Causative-ver
b Pivotal Structure in the Qing Dynasty , their usage declined, and meanwhile “叫1”“叫2”and“叫3”reached their heyday. The Causative-verbs have the phenomenon of using and replacing in different historical periods, “使2”“令2”and “请”are the three longest ud words which were ud from Ancient Chine period to the Qing Dynasty. Relatively rich new words appeared in the Tang Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty which witnesd the greatest ability of Causative-verbs to create new words at tho times.
The ellipsis of OS has gradually decread in the historic development of Chine. There were some in Ancient Chine, but this ellipsis didn’t decrea during the Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties, for in <Qiminyaoshu> it was more abundant than the others and had also been a very significant feature. From the Tang Dynasty, the ellipsis of OS began to decrea gradually, the retrieval results of language materials of Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties showed such a trend.
The cond part explores the evolution of the structure of the Chine you/wu Pivotal Structure from ancient Chine to modern Chine. From <Zuozhuan> to <Legend of Heroes and Heroines>, the V1 of the Chine you/wu Pivotal Structure was “有”or “无”. Its affirmative form ud only “有”from ancient Chine to modern Chine, and its negative form developed, “没”appeared in the Yuan Dynasty,“没有”appeared in the Ming Dynasty. From the Ancient Chine to Modern Chine, the Chi
ne you/wu Pivotal Structure only has four V1 and the affirmative form appeared more often than the negative form.
The third part studies the evolution of the structure of the other Chine Pivotal Structures from Ancient Chine to Modern Chine. The V1s of the Exhorting Pivotal Structure and the Hoping Pivotal Structure have been very special during all the time, becau they have undergone almost no changes and kept the continuity from the ancient time. The V1s of the Feng-bai-ren-mian Pivotal Structure and the address ing Pivotal Structure have changed with the development of time and language.
The conclusion summarizes the breakthrough and the unsolved problems of this paper. It is concluded that the common features of the six types of Pivotal Structure are to be ud
汉语递系结构发展演变史英文摘要as predicates and independent ntences.This paper points out that the greatest changes occur in the number of the Chine Causative-verb1, which showed a gradually increasing trend from <Zuozhuan> to <Legend of Heroes and Heroines>. However, the number of V1 in other class is relatively small at all times.
In addition to the Chine you/wu Pivotal Structure, the other five kinds of Chine Pivotal Structures
all have ellipsis of OS. I have analyzed the syntactic structure and the diachronic changes of Chine Pivotal Structures in this paper, but have rearched less on their mantics and pragmatics , I will continue to study them in the future.
Keywords: Chine; Pivotal Structures; syntax; history of development
Written by: Zhang Yingwei
Supervid by: Cao Wei
目录
目录....................................................................................................I 引言. (1)
一、研究对象 (1)
二、研究概况 (3)
三、研究目的与意义 (8)
四、语料选择 (8)
五、研究方法 (13)
第一编汉语使令类递系结构的语法特点及其历时演变第一章上古汉语使令类递系结构的句法分析 (15)
第一节上古汉语使令类递系结构的句法功能 (16)
第二节上古汉语使令类递系结构的句法描写 (16)
一、上古“V1+OS+V2”使令类递系结构的句法结构 (17)
二、上古“V1+V2”使令类递系结构的句法结构 (19)
第三节上古汉语使令类递系结构成分分析 (21)
一、上古汉语使令类递系结构中的V1 (21)
二、上古汉语使令类递系结构中的OS (24)
三、上古汉语使令类递系结构中的V2 (26)
四、上古汉语使令类递系结构的套叠 (29)
砍掉成本第四节上古汉语使令类递系结构的省略现象 (29)
一、S的省略 (30)
二、V l的省略 (30)
青海自驾游
三、OS的省略 (30)
四、OS和V2的省略 (31)
五、V2的省略 (31)
第五节上古汉语使令类递系结构OS的前置 (31)
本章小结 (32)
第二章中古汉语使令类递系结构的句法分析 (33)
第一节中古汉语使令类递系结构的句法功能 (33)
第二节中古汉语使令类递系结构的句法描写 (34)
一、中古“V1+OS+V2”使令类递系结构的句法结构 (34)
二、中古“V1+V2”使令类递系结构的句法结构 (36)
第三节中古汉语使令类递系结构成分分析 (38)
一、中古汉语使令类递系结构中的V1 (38)
二、中古汉语使令类递系结构中的OS (44)
三、中古汉语使令类递系结构中的V2 (47)
四、中古汉语使令类递系结构的套叠 (51)
第四节中古汉语使令类递系结构的省略现象 (51)
牛的作文一、S的省略 (51)
二、V1的省略 (51)
三、OS的省略 (52)
第五节中古汉语使令类递系结构OS的前置 (52)
本章小结 (53)
第三章近代汉语使令类递系结构的句法分析之一 (55)
第一节《祖堂集》使令类递系结构的句法功能 (55)
第二节《祖堂集》使令类递系结构的句法描写 (56)
一、《祖堂集》“V1+OS+V2”使令类递系结构的句法结构 (56)
二、《祖堂集》“V1+V2”使令类递系结构的句法结构 (57)
第三节《祖堂集》使令类递系结构成分分析 (58)
一、《祖堂集》使令类递系结构中的V1 (58)
二、《祖堂集》使令类递系结构中的OS (62)
三、《祖堂集》使令类递系结构中的V2 (64)
四、《祖堂集》使令类递系结构的套叠 (67)
第四节《祖堂集》使令类递系结构的省略现象 (67)
一、S的省略 (68)梦到自己结婚什么预兆
二、V1的省略 (68)
缩水三、OS的省略 (68)
本章小结 (68)
第四章近代汉语使令类递系结构的句法分析之二 (69)
第一节《三朝北盟会编》和《朱子语类辑略》使令类递系结构的句法功能 (70)
第二节《三朝北盟会编》和《朱子语类辑略》使令类递系结构的句法描写 (70)
一、《三朝北盟会编》和《朱子语类辑略》中“V1+OS+V2”使令类递系结构的句法结构.70
二、《三朝北盟会编》和《朱子语类辑略》中“V1+V2”使令类递系结构的句法结构 (72)
祖国的歌
第三节《三朝北盟会编》和《朱子语类辑略》使令类递系结构成分分析 (74)
一、《三朝北盟会编》和《朱子语类辑略》使令类递系结构中的V1 (74)
如果当初勇敢的在一起二、《三朝北盟会编》和《朱子语类辑略》使令类递系结构中的OS (82)
三、《三朝北盟会编》和《朱子语类辑略》使令类递系结构中的V2 (85)
四、《三朝北盟会编》和《朱子语类辑略》使令类递系结构的套叠 (91)
第四节《三朝北盟会编》和《朱子语类辑略》使令类递系结构的 (91)
省略现象 (91)
一、S的省略 (91)
二、V1的省略 (91)
三、OS的省略 (92)
本章小结 (92)
第五章近代汉语使令类递系结构的句法分析之三 (94)
第一节《元刊杂剧三十种》和《原本老乞大》使令类递系结构的句法功能 (95)
第二节《元刊杂剧三十种》和《原本老乞大》使令类递系结构的句法描写 (95)
一、《元刊杂剧三十种》和《原本老乞大》“V1+OS+V2”使令类递系结构的句法结构 (95)
二、《元刊杂剧三十种》和《原本老乞大》“V1+V2”使令类递系结构的句法结构 (96)
第三节《元刊杂剧三十种》和《原本老乞大》使令类递系结构成分分析 (98)
一、《元刊杂剧三十种》和《原本老乞大》使令类递系结构中的V1 (98)
二、《元刊杂剧三十种》和《原本老乞大》使令类递系结构中的OS (103)
三、《元刊杂剧三十种》和《原本老乞大》使令类递系结构中的V2 (106)
四、《元刊杂剧三十种》使令类递系结构的套叠 (112)
第四节《元刊杂剧三十种》和《原本老乞大》使令类递系结构的 (112)
省略现象 (112)
一、S的省略 (112)
二、V1的省略 (112)
三、OS的省略 (113)
第五节《原本老乞大》OS的前置 (113)
