（完整word版）语言学名词解释
Chapter 1: Introduction
1. Linguistics: Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.
8. langue: Lange refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.
藏污纳垢的意思
9. parole :Parole refers to the realization of langue in actual u.
10. competence : The ideal ur’s knowledge of the rules of his language.
11.performance : The actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication.
12. language : Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols ud for human communication.
13.design features : Design features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication.
整体认读音14. arbitrariness: Arbitrariness refers to no logical connection between meaning and sound.
15. productivity: Urs can understand and produce ntences that they have never heard before.
16. duality: Language consists of two ts of structure, with lower lever of sound, which is meaningless, and the higher lever of meaning.
17. displacement: Language can be ud to refer to the contexts removed from the immediate situation of the speaker no matter how far away from the topic of conversation in time or space.
18. cultural transmission: Language is culturally transmitted. It is taught and learned from one generation to the next, rather than by instinct.
Chapter 2: Phonology
1. phonic medium : The meaningful speech sound in human communication.
2. phonetics : The study of phonic medium of language and it is concerned with all sounds in t he world’s languages.
3. articulatory phonetics : It studies sounds from the speaker’s point of view, i.e. how
a speaker us his speech organs to articulate the sounds.
4. auditory phonetics: The studies sounds from the hearer’s point of view, i.e. how the sounds are perceived by the hearer.
5. acoustic phonetics: It studies the way sounds travel by looking at the sound waves, the physical means by which sounds are transmitted through the air from one person to another.
网易云官网音乐6. voicing: the way that sounds are produced with the vibration of the vocal cords.
捉迷藏儿歌7. voiceless: the way that sounds are produced with no vibration of the vocal cords.
8. broad transcription: The u of letter symbols only to show the sounds or sounds qu
ences in written form.
9. narrow transcription: The u of letter symbol, together with the diacritics to show sounds in written form.
10. diacritics: The symbols ud to show detailed articulatory features of sounds.
11. IPA: short for International Phonetic Alphabets, a system of symbols consists of letters and diacritics, ud to reprent the pronunciation of words in any language. 12. aspiration: A little puff of air that sometimes follows a speech sound.
孕妇尿酸高13. manner of articulation : The manner in which obstruction is created.
14. place of articulation : The place where obstruction is created.
15. consonant: a speech sound in which the air stream is obstructed in one way or another.
居间协议
16. vowel : a speech sound in which the air stream from the lung meets with no obstructio
n.
17. monophthong : the individual vowel.
18. diphthong : The vowel which consists of two individual vowels, and functions as a single one.
19. phone : The speech sound we u when speaking a language.
20. phoneme : The smallest unit of sound in a language which can distinguish two sounds.
21. allophone : any different forms of the same phoneme in different phonetic environments.
22. phonology : The description of sound systems of particular languages and how sounds function to distinguish meaning.
23. phonemic contrast : two similar sounds occur in the same environment and distinguis
h meaning.
领证流程24. complementary distribution : allophones of the same phoneme and they don’t distinguish meaning but complement each other in distribution.
25. minimal pair: two different forms are identical in every way except one sound and occurs in the same position. The two sounds are said to form a minimal pair.
26. quential rules: The rules to govern the combination of sounds in a particular language.
27. assimilation rule: The rule assimilates one sound to another by copying a feature of a quential phoneme, thus making the two phones similar.
28. deletion rule: The rule that a sound is to be deleted although it is orthographically reprented.
我是霸王龙绘本29. supragmental features: The phonemic features that occur above the level of the gments----syllable, word, ntence.
