英语从句——名词性从句
名词性从句概念
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Claus)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组， 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
主语从句
1. 主语从句一般用it作形式主语，放在句首，而将主语从句放到句末。如：
It is possible that he has stolen the car.
2. if引导主语从句时，只能用it作形式主语，放在句首，而将if引导的主语从句放到句末。如：
It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow.
3. that引导主语从句放在句首时，that不可省，但在句末口语中可省。如：
That he was ill yesterday is known now.
4. 引导的主语从句的what可修饰名词吗?回答是：有时可以。这类用法具有以下几个特点：表特指，所谓表特指，就是说此时的what 在用法上大致相当于the。如：
What money I have will be yours when I die. = The money I have will be yours when I die.
衣柜图纸
表“微量”，有时不仅表特指，而且还表“微量”，即含有“量不多”之意。如果将“特指”和“微量”结合起来，该结构的意思就是“虽不多，但全部”，有时可译为“仅有”。如：
What ideas he has are his wife’s.
这类“what+名词”结构并不是总具有“微量性”，即有时有，有时没有。如果要想明确或强化这种微量性特点，我们可以该结构的名词前加上表示微量的修饰语few(用于复数名词前)或little(用于不可数名词前)。如：
What few friends she has are out of the country.=The few friends she has are out of the country.
5.whatever引导主语从句时，意义相当于anything that，通常译为“……任何东西(一切事情)”“……所……的一切(所有)”“无论什么……都”。如：
Whatever she says goes. 一切她说了算。
Whatever I have is yours. 我的东西都是你的。
Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是对的。
Whatever I have is at your rvice. 我所有的一切都供你使用。
Whatever you want is fine with me. 无论你要什么对我都合适。婚礼主持稿
注意，不要与whatever引导让步状语从句(=no matter what)时的用法相混淆。如：
我的祖国手抄报
Whatever happens, I must be calm. 不管发生什么事我都要镇静。
统计图表怎么做6. 连接代词引导主语从句只能放在句首。如;
Who has broken the glass is unknown.
7. 主语从句中主句的谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式，但what引导主语从句的主句谓语动词的形式须根据句子的意思来判断。如
How he worked it out is still a cret.
宾语从句
1. that 在口语中常被省略，但在正式的文体中，不能省;并且它一般不能引导介词的宾语从句，但可引导except, but, in 等少数介词的宾语从句。如：
I didn’t know (that) he was Li Lei.
I will do anything I can to help you except that I’m ill.
2. 宾语从句之后带有补足语成分时，一般须用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句放到句末，此时的that不能省。如：
The boy has made it clear that they can’t play with his toys.
3. 动词advi, ask, demand, desire, insist(坚决主张), order, propo, request, suggest(建议)等代的宾语从句须用虚拟语气，即：(should) do的形式。
He asked that we (should) get there before nine o’clock.
4. 宾语从句的时态与主句的时态须呼应。
当主句谓语动词的时态是现在时或将来时，从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态表示。如：
He always says that he is our good friend.
当主句谓语动词的时态为过去时，从句的谓语动词须用响应的过去时。如：
He didn’t tell us he came from Shanghai.
excel2003
但当从句的内容是客观真理或客观事实，而不受时间的限制时，即使主句谓语动词为过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。如
Chairman Mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers.
5.引导宾语从句的that在下列情况下一般不省略：
英语专业实习报告(1)宾语从句前有插入语。如：
We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰
(2)有间接宾语时。如：屈原的名言
He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告诉我他要去日本。
that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。如：
He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.
(3)在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。如：
怎么炸油条I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我们认为他有必要留在这里。
that从句单独回答问题时。如：
—What did he hear?
—That Kate had pasd the exam.
(4)在except等介词后。如：
He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.
(5)位于句首时。如：
That our team will win, I believe.
在较为正式或不常用的动词(如reply, object)后。如：
He replied that he disagreed.
表语从句
1.that、why、becau均可引导表语从句，但 that 没有词义，而 why 和 becau 有自己的意思;另外，虽然 why和 becau 都可引导表语从句，但前者强调结果，后者强调原因。
如：
The reason was that you don’t trust her.
He was ill. That’s why he was nt to the hospital.
He was nt to the hospital. That’s becau he was ill.
2. 连接词that一般不能省略，但当主句中含动词do的某种形式时，that可以省略。如：
What I want to do is (that) I can go up to him and thank him.
3. 当句子的主语是：advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish等名词时，表语从句须用虚拟语气，即：should +do。如：
My advice is that you should go to apologize to him.
同位语从句
1.能带同位语从句的名词不多，常见的有：answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, message, news, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promi, proof, proposal, question, report, risk, rumor, story, suggestion, truth, theory, thought, wish, word等。如：
Hw nt us a message that he won’t come next week.
2. 表示“命令、建议、要求” advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish 等名词的同位语，须用虚拟语气。如()：
He made clear his desire that he should work hard to go to college.
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
同位语从句与定语从句形相似而实质不同，具体表现在以下几个方面：
(1)被修饰的词不同。同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词;而定语从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词。
(2)从句的作用不同。同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容;而定语从句是对先行词—名词的限制、描绘或说明。
(3)引导词的作用不同。引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不担任任何成分，但不能省略;而引导定语从句的that为关系代词，在从句中担任句子的某种成分，当担任定语从句中的宾语时，that可以省略。
