The Toxic Substances Control Act F人教版七年级下册英语单词表requently Asked有毅力 Questions
有毒物质控制法的FAQs
What is a chemical substance for purpos of regulation under TSCA?
TSCA规定的化学物质是什么？人体潜能
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) defines the term "chemical substance" as "any organic or inorganic substance of a particular molecular identity, including -- (i) any combination of such substances occurring in whole or in part as a result of a chemical reaction or occurring in nature and (ii) any element or uncombined radical." The Environme
ntal Protection Agency (EPA) states: "TSCA defines ‘chemical substance’ broadly and in terms which cover microorganisms as well as traditional chemicals."
“有毒物质控制法”（TSCA）将术语“化学物质”定义为“具有特定分子特性的任何有机或无机物质，包括 - （i）由于以下原因而全部或部分出现的此类物质的任何组合化学反应或在自然界中发生的和（ii）任何元素或未结合的自由基。“美国环境保护署（EPA）表示：“TSCA广义地定义了'化学物质'，涵盖了微生物和传统化学品。”来源：临安科达认证韦小姐，QQ:2956482524
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Are there any exemptions from the definition of a "chemical substance"?
“化学物质”的定义是否有任何豁免？
TSCA specifically exempts from the definition of "chemical substance" (1) mixtures; (2) Federal Incticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) pesticides; (3) tobacco and tobacco products; (4) certain materials regulated under the Atomic Energy Act; (5) firearms and ammunition; and (6) foods, food additives, drugs, cosmetics, and devices re
gulated under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). In addition to tho substances specifically excluded from TSCA, EPA has exempted other categories of substances from certain TSCA requirements. For example, certain chemical substances -- including impurities and byproducts -- are excluded from TSCA Section 5 requirements becau "[a]lthough they are manufactured for commercial purpos under the Act, they are not manufactured for distribution in commerce as chemical substances per and have no commercial purpo parate from the substance, mixture, or article of which they are a part." EPA also exempts "articles" from various TSCA requirements.
TSCA特别豁免“化学物质”的定义（1）混合物;（2）联邦杀虫剂，杀真菌剂和灭鼠剂法（FIFRA）杀虫剂; （3）烟草和烟草制品;（4）根据“原子能法”规定的某些材料;（五）枪支弹药;（6）根据联邦食品，药品和化妆品法案（FFDCA）管制的食品，食品添加剂，药品，化妆品和设备。 除了特别排除在TSCA之外的那些物质，EPA还豁免了其他类别的物质来满足TSCA的某些要求。例如，某些化学物质 - 包括杂质和副产品 - 被排除在TSCA第5节的要求之外，因为“虽然它们是根据该法案为商业目的而制造的，但它们不是作为化学物质本身在商业上制造的。与他们所属的物质，混合物或物品没有任何商业目的。“ EPA还
免除了“物品”的各种TSCA要求。
What are "articles" under TSCA?
TSCA下的“物质”是什么？
TSCA defines "article" as "a manufactured item (1) which is formed to a specific shape or design during manufacture, (2) which has end-u function(s) depending in whole or in part upon its shape or design during end u, and (3) which has either no change of chemical composition during its end u or only tho changes of composition that have no commercial purpo parate from that of an article, and that results from a chemical reaction that occurs upon end u of other chemical substances, mixtures, or articles." Fluids and particles are not considered articles, however, regardless of shape or design. Articles that contain chemical substances which are not intended to be removed and have no parate commercial purpo are generally exempt from TSCA. Articles that contain chemical substances designed to be ud or relead (i.e., ink in pens) are subject to TSCA requirements.
闫芳太极
TSCA将“物品”定义为“制造物品（1），其在制造期间形成为特定的形状或设计，怀孕吃什么对胎儿最好（2）具有最终用途功能，其全部或部分取决于其在结束时的形状或设计使用，（3）在最终用途中化学成分没有变化，或者只有那些没有商业目的的成分变化与物品的成分不同，这是由最终使用其他化学物质，混合物或物品时发生的化学反应造成的。疫苗接种证明”然而，无论形状或设计如何，流体和颗粒都不被视为物品。含有不打算除去且没有单独商业用途的化学物质的物品通常免于TSCA。含有设计用于或释放的化学物质的物品（即钢笔中的墨水）符合TSCA要求。
Who is subject to TSCA requirements?
谁受TSCA要求的约束？
带绿的四字词语TSCA may apply to any person who manufactures, process, distributes in commerce, us, or dispos of a chemical substance. A person is defined broadly as "any natural or juridicial person including any individual, corporation, partnership, or association, any State or political subdivision thereof, or any municipality, any interstate body and any department, agency, or instrumentality of the Federal Government."
TSCA可适用于制造，加工，分销商业，使用或处置化学物质的任何人。一个人被广义地定义为“任何自然人或法人，包括任何个人，公司，合伙或协会，其任何国家或政治分支，或任何市政当局，任何州际机构以及联邦政府的任何部门，机构或工具。”
How does EPA keep track of the chemical substances subject to TSCA?
EPA如何跟踪受TSCA影响的化学物质？
TSCA Section 8(b) directs EPA to "compile, keep current, and publish a list of each chemical substance which is manufactured or procesd in the United States." This list is known as the TSCA Chemical Substance Inventory (TSCA Inventory). EPA compiled the initial TSCA Inventory in 1977. The TSCA Inventory is continually updated by the addition of chemical substances for which a premanufacture notice (PMN) and subquent notice of commencement (NOC) have been submitted. For tho chemical substances who identities are confidential, EPA maintains a confidential portion of the TSCA Inventory that only EPA can review.
TSCA第8节（b）指示EPA“汇编，保持最新并公布在美国制造或加工的每种化学物质的清单”。该清单称为TSCA化学物质清单（TSCA清单）。EPA于1977年编制了最初的TSCA清单。TSCA清单通过添加预先制造通知（PMN）和随后的启动通知（NOC）的化学物质不断更新。对于保密的化学物质，EPA保留了TSCA清单的保密部分，只有EPA才能审查。
