船舶与海洋工程专业英语.pdf
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Lesson One
The Naval Architect
A naval architect asked to design a ship may receive his instructions in a form ranging from such simple requirements as “an oil tanker to carry 100 000 tons deadweight at 15 knots” to a fully detailed specification of precily planned requirements. He is usually required to prepare a design for a vesl that must carry a certain weight of cargo (or number of pasngers ) at a specified speed with particular reference to trade requirement; high-density cargoes, such as machinery, require little hold capacity, while the rever is true for low-density cargoes, such as grain.
Deadweight is defined as weight of cargo plus fuel and consumable stores, and lightweight as the weight of the hull, including machinery and equipment. The designer must choo dimensions such t
hat the displacement of the vesl is equal to the sum of the dead weight and the lightweight tonnages. The fineness of the hull must be appropriate to the speed. The draft------which is governed by freeboard rules------enables the depth to be determined to a first approximation.
After lecting tentative values of length, breadth, depth, draft, and displacement, the designer must achieve a weight balance. He must also lect a moment balance becau centres of gravity in both longitudinal and vertical directions must provide satisfactory trim and stability. Additionally, he must estimate the shaft horpower required for the specified speed; this determines the weight of machinery. The strength of the hull must be adequate for the rvice intended, detailed scantlings (frame dimensions and plate thickness ) can be obtained from the rules of the classification society. The scantings determine the requisite weight of hull steel.
The vesl should posss satisfactory steering characteristics, freedom from troublesome vibration, and should comply with the many varied requirements of international regulations. Posssing an attractive appearance, the ship should have the minimum net register tonnage, the factor on which harbour and other dues are bad. (The gross tonnage reprents the volume of all clod-in spaces above the inner bottom. The net tonnage is the gross tonnage minus certain deductible spaces that do not produce revenue. Net tonnage can therefore be regarded as a measure of the ea
rning capacity of the ship, hence its u as a basis for harbour and docking charges. ) Pasnger vesls must satisfy a standard of bulkhead subdivision that will ensure adequate stability under specified conditions if the hull is pierced accidentally or through collision.
Compromi plays a considerable part in producing a satisfactory design. A naval architect must be a master of approximations. If the required design cloly rembles that of a ship already built for which full information is available, the designer can calculate the effects of differences between this ship and the projected ship. If, however, this information is not available, he must first produce coefficients bad upon experience and, after refining them, check the results by calculation.
Training
There are four major requirements for a good naval architect. The first is a clear understanding of the fundamental principles of applied science, particularly tho aspects of science that have direct application to ships------mathematics, physics, mechanics, fluid mechanics, materials, structural strength, stability, resistance, and propulsion. The cond is a detailed knowledge of past and prent practice in shipbuilding. The third is personal experience of accepted methods in the design, construction, and operation of ships; and the fourth, and perhaps most important, is an aptitude for tackling new technical problems and of devising practical solutions.
The professional training of naval architects differs widely in the various maritime countries. Unimany universities and polytechnic schools; such academic training must be supplemented by practical experience in a shipyard.
Trends in design
The introduction of calculating machines and computers has facilitated the complex calculations required in
naval architecture and has also introduced new concepts in design. There are many combinations of length, breadth, and draft that will give a required displacement. Electronic computers make it possible to prepare ries of designs for a vesl to operate in a particular rvice and to asss the economic returns to the shipowner for each parate design. Such a procedure is best carried out as a joint exerci by owner and builder. As ships increa in size and cost, such combined technical and economic studies can be expected to become more common.
(From “Encyclopedia Britannica”, Vol. 16, 1980)
写秋天的文章Technical terms
1. naval architect 造船工程（设计）师3
2. scantling 结构（件）尺寸
naval architecture 造船（工程）学33. frame 肋骨
2. instruction 任务书、指导书34. classification society 船级社
3. oil tanker 油轮35. steering 操舵、驾驶
4. deadweight 载重量36. vibration 振动
5. knot 节37. net register tonnage 净登记吨位
6. specification 规格书，设计任务书38. harbour 港口
7. vesl 船舶39. dues 税收
8. cargo 货物40. gross tonnage 总吨位
9. pasnger 旅客41. deductible space 扣除空间
10. trade 贸易42. revenue 收入
11. machinery 机械、机器43. docking 进坞
12. hold capacity 舱容44. charge 费用、电荷
婚礼证婚人13. consumable store 消耗物品45. bulkhead 舱壁
14. light weight 轻载重量、空船重量46. subdivision 分舱（隔）、细分
15. hull 船体47. collision 碰撞
16. dimension 尺度、量纲、维（数）48. compromi 折衷、调和
17. displacement 排水量、位移、置换49. coefficient 系数
18. tonnage 吨位50. training 培训
19. fineness 纤瘦度51. fluid mechanics 流体力学
20. draft 吃水52. structural strength 结构强度
21. breadth 船宽53. resistance 阻力
22. freeboard 干舷54. propulsion 推进
23. rule 规范55. shipbuilding 造船
24. tentative 试用（暂行）的56. aptitude （特殊）才能，适应性
25. longitudinal direction 纵向57. maritime 航运，海运
26. vertical direction 垂向58. polytechnical school 工艺（科技）学校
27. trim 纵倾59. academic 学术的
28. stability 稳性60. shipyard 造船厂
29. shaft hor power 轴马力61. electronic computer 电子计算机
30. strength 强度62. owner 船主，物主
31. rvice 航区、服务63. encyclop(a)edia 百科全书
Additional Terms and Expressions
Engineers (SNAME) 美国造船师与轮机
1. the Chine Society of Naval Architecture 工程师协会
and Marine Engineering (CSNAME) 中10. Principle of naval architecture 造船原理
国造船工程学会11. ship statics (or statics of naval
2. the Chine Society of Navigation 中国航architecture) 造船静力学
海学会12. ship dynamics 船舶动力学
3. “Shipbuilding of China”中国造船13. ship resistance and propulsion 船舶阻力
4. Ship Engineering 船舶工程和推进
5. “Naval安定Merchant Ships” 舰船知14. ship rolling and pitching 船舶摇摆
识15. ship manoeuvrability 船舶操纵性
6. China State Shipbuilding Corporation 16. ship construction 船舶结构
(CSSC) 中国船舶工业总公司17. ship structural mechanics 船舶结构力学
7. China offshore Platform Engineering 18. ship strength and structural design 船舶
Corporation (COPECO) 中国海洋石油强度和结构设计
平台工程公司19. ship design 船舶设计
8. Royal Institution of Naval Architects 20. shipbuilding technology 造船工艺
(RINA) 英国皇家造船工程师学会21. marine (or ocean) engineering 海洋工程买弯梁后悔了
2017年属
9. Society of Naval Architects and Marine
Note to the Text
1.range from A to B 的意思为“从A 到B 的范围内”，翻译时，根据这个基本意思可以按汉语习惯译
血浓于血成中文。例：
Lathe sizes range from very little lathes with the length of the bed in veral inches to very large ones turning
a work many feet in length.
车床有大有小，小的车床其车身只有几英寸，大的车床能车削数英尺长的工件。
2.Such that 可以认为是such a kind/value 等的缩写，意思为“这样的类别/值等……以至于……”。译成
中文是，可根据具体情况加以意译。例：
The depth of the chain locker is such that the cable is easily stowed.
锚链舱的深度应该使锚链容易存储。居民代表
Posssing an attractive appearance, the ship should have the minimum net register tonnage,the factor on which harbour and oyher dues are bad.
气量是什么意思
Posssing an attractive appearance 现在分词短语，用作表示条件的状语，意译成“船舶除有一个漂亮的外形……”。一般说，如分词短语谓语句首，通常表示时间、条件、原因等。
车蜡
The fact or on which…are bad 中的the factor 是前面the minimum net register tonnage 的铜谓语，而on which…are bad 是定语从句，修饰the factor。
4. Electroniccomputers make it possible to prepare ries id designs for a vesl to operate in a particular rvice and to asss the economic returns to the shipowner for each parate design.
句中的it是形式宾语，实际宾语为不定式短语to prepare ries of designs …和to asss the economic returns …
