高中中国古代山水游记散文教学内容研究与思考
——以《游褒禅山记》为例
摘要
中国古代山水游记散文是中学阶段文言文的重要类型，在教材中占有一定的比重，其文学价值、文化价值都是值得关注的教学点。在内容上和祖国山水有关，能够帮助学生培养对祖国大好河山的热爱；在内涵上浸透着中华优秀传统文化，能够帮助学生提升文化自信；在目标上根据新课标的要求，能够帮助学生提升语文核心素养。
作为一种文体，山水游记散文有区别于其他类型文言文的文体特征。就目前的教学现状来看，还存在一些问题：“文”“言”难兼顾，重言轻文导致教学枯燥，重文轻言造成学生理解偏差；文言文教学不分类，导致学生忽略各种类型文言文的特征；文本分析缺乏文化意识，忽视写作背景对主旨泛泛而谈，学生只知其然不知其所以然。
本文使用以小见大的视角聚焦《游褒禅山记》，通过重点研究“这一篇”，进而生发出对中国古代山水游记散文“这一类”教学内容的思考。为了防止出现纸上谈兵的问题，本文进行了切实的实地调研；为了避免泛泛而谈的问题，本文使用了具体教学案例作为例子进行具体分析。第一章使用了实地调研，以《游
褒禅山记》的教学实录为研究对象，找出其中的优缺点，并进行优点总结和问题归因；使用访谈法，对一线的新老教师进行访谈，对目前课堂教学现状进行较为直接的把握。第二章使用文献分析法，从课标、教材、学情、山水游记散文文体特点四个方面进行分析，综合研究《游褒禅山记》语言、思维、审美、文化四个方面的教学内容。第三章使用归纳法，归纳总结近年优秀教学案例的可继承、发扬之处，结合前两章的研究，以小见大，生发出对中国古代山水游记散文教学内容的思考：语言方面注重积累与品味；思维方面兼顾理解与运用；审美方面注重鉴赏山水美、人格美、哲理美；文化方面兼顾文化常识与文化追求。同时针对其他山水游记散文与《游褒禅山记》在写作手法，语言风格和作家情怀方面的不同，提出关注文体特征、时代背景、作者生平的方法，以期能为一线教师选择教学内容提供一些参考，帮助学生更好地学习山水游记散文，提升文化自信，更好地传承中华优秀传统文化。
关键词：高中语文；山水游记散文；教学内容
A Study and Thinking on the Teaching Content of Chine
Ancient Travel Notes Pro in High Schools
——Take "Tour of Zen Mountain" as an example
Abstract
Chine Travel Notes Pro is an important type of classical Chine in middle school period, which occupies an important proportion in textbooks, and its literary and cultural values are teaching points worthy of attention. In terms of content, it is related to the excellent views of the motherland, which can cultivate students’ love. It contains the pursuit of the ancients and the national spirit, which can cultivate students’ inheritance of traditional culture and promote cultural lf-confidence.
As a style, Chine Travel Notes Pro has different stylistic features from other types of classical Chine pro. As far as the current situation of Chine teaching in middle schools is concerned, there are still some problems: "Wen" and "Yan" are difficult to take into account, and stressing light on words leads to boring teaching, stressing light on words leads to students' misunderstanding; classical Chine teaching is not classified, which leads students to ignore The characteristics of various types of classical Chine texts; text analysis lacks cultural awareness, ignoring the writing background and talking about the main purpo of the text, students only know what they do not know why.
This article us a small perspective to focus on "Tour of Zen Mountain ", through focusing on "this article", and then gives birth to the ancient Chine landscape travel essay "this kind" of teaching content. In order to prevent the problem of talking on the paper, this article has carried out practical fi
唐婉钗头凤eld rearch; in order to avoid the problem of generalization, this article us specific teaching cas as examples for specific analysis. The first chapter us field rearch, takes the teaching record of "Tourist Mountain" as the rearch object, finds the advantages and disadvantages, and summarizes the advantages and attribution of the problem; using the interview method, the new and old teachers in the field are conducted Interview to grasp the current situation of classroom teaching relatively directly. The cond chapter us the literature analysis method to analyze the four aspects
of the curriculum standards, textbooks, academic conditions, and style characteristics of the pro of landscape travel, and comprehensively studies the teaching content of the four aspects of language, thinking, aesthetics, and culture . The third chapter us the inductive method to summarize the inheritance and development of the excellent teaching cas in recent years. Combining the rearch of the previous two chapters, the small and big ones are born to give consideration to the teaching content of pro in ancient Chine mountains and rivers travel: language. And taste; thinking and taking into account both understanding and application; aesthetic aspects focus on appreciating the beauty of landscape, personality, and philosophy; and cultural aspects, taking into account both cultural common n and cultural pursuit. At the same time, in view of the difference in writing techniques, language styles and writers' feelings of other landscape travel essays and "Tou
r of Zen Mountain ", methods to focus on stylistic characteristics, era background, and author's life are propod, in order to provide some teaching materials for frontline teachers For reference, help students better learn the Chine Travel Notes Pro, enhance cultural lf-confidence, and better inherit the excellent traditional Chine culture.
Key words: Chine Teaching of High School; Chine Travel Notes Pro ; Teaching Content
目录
摘要............................................................. I Abstract ......................................................... II 绪论. (1)
一、研究缘起 (1)
二、研究现状 (4)
三、研究意义 (8)
四、研究方法 (9)
五、研究思路 (9)
第一章《游褒禅山记》教学内容存在的问题及分析 (10)
第一节教师访谈 (10)
一、访谈对象 (10)
关于除夕的手抄报二、访谈问题 (10)
第二节教学实录分析 (12)
一、文言字词教学内容不当 (12)零点谋杀案
二、文章写作背景联系欠缺 (14)
第三节问题归因 (15)
英语专业考试一、“文”“言”难兼顾 (16)
二、文言文教学不分类 (18)
三、文本分析缺乏文化意识 (19)
第二章《游褒禅山记》教学内容的确定 (20)
第一节《游褒禅山记》教学内容确定的依据 (20)
一、普通高中语文课程标准的统摄 (20)
二、教材导向与学情需求 (23)
三、中国古代山水游记散文文体的特点 (25)
第二节《游褒禅山记》教学内容的选择建议 (26)
一、分类处理字词 (26)
二、感受说理逻辑 (27)
三、鉴赏哲思之美 (29)高考600分能上什么大学
四、赋予人文情怀 (29)
第三章中国古代山水游记散文教学内容的再思考 (31)
第一节由《游褒禅山记》看中国古代山水游记散文教学内容的选择 (31)
一、积累与品味语言 (31)
二、理解与运用思维 (33)
流量防火墙三、鉴赏山水美，人格美，哲理美 (35)
四、兼顾文化常识与文化追求 (36)
第二节其他类型的中国古代山水游记散文教学内容的选择 (37)
一、关注文体特征 (37)
二、关注时代背景 (38)
三、关注作者生平 (40)
结语 (42)
叶鱼
参考文献 (43)
深蹲有什么好处
附录：《游褒禅山记》课文 (46)
致谢 (50)
在校期间公开发表论文情况 (51)
