男士休闲裤Farmers’ Willingness to Transform a Citizen during Urbanization: A Study in Chongqing,
China
*
购房定金协议Hang Su, Todd A. Lone and Xiaoyang Li
**
Abstract: The urban-rural dual economic structure in China has distinctive characteristics and it is the most important part of the Chine economy. Adjustments in this economic structure are mainly proportional adjustments to the agricultural and non-agricultural industries. This study focus on the process of citizenization where peasants transition to non-agricultural industries and change registration to the city. This study provides an empirical analysis on the willingness of rural migrant workers (RMW) to engage in citizenization to an urban environment and identifi es the factors infl uencing the process. Keywords: Rural-urban, Migrant, Non-agricultural Industries, Citizenization JEL Classifi cation: J60 R23
1 Introduction
The urban-rural dual economic structure in China has distinctive characteristics and it is the most important part of the Chine economy. Adjustments in this economic structure are mainly proportional adjustments to the agricultural and
* This paper reports the initial results of a project sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China - A Study on Inducing a Mechanism of Farm Workers Citizenization: In the View of Game Theory (project #71373215). ** Hang Su, Ph.D, Economic Rearch Center of Southwest University, Department of Economics & Management ofSouthwestUniversity,Chongqing,China.Email:**********************.ToddA.Lone,Assistantprofessor, Fresno,DepartmentofAgriculturalBusiness,CaliforniaStateUniversity.Email:*******************.Xiaoyang Li, Corresponding Author, Professor, Ph.D, Department of Economics & Management, Southwest University, Chongqing,China.Email:**************.
66Hang Su, Todd A. Lone and Xiaoyang Li
先进
贝多芬失聪的励志故事non-agricultural industries. An effective approach to adjusting the economic structure of urban and rural areas is through urbanization (Wang Zhulin, 2008). With industrialization and urbanization, a large number of redundant rural laborers transfer to non-agricultural industries. This group of the Chi
ne labor population is called “rural migrant workers” (Zhu Xinkai, 2005), hereinafter referred to as RMWs. The term “citizenization” refers to the redundant rural laborers changing their identity from that of “farmer” to “urban citizen”; in other words, the transfer of the laborers from the agricultural to non-agricultural ctors of the economy.
单身美好This study provides an empirical analysis of farmers’ willingness to engage in citizenization to an urban environment and identifi es the factors infl uencing the process. Some of the factors considered are gender, education level, years worked in the city, whether the worker was accompanied by family members, and last year’s net income. The factors comprehensively determine farmers’ willingness to change their identity from a rural to urban citizen. It is suggested that the Chine government pay attention to the factors in order to improve the n of identity of the farmers, which could prove uful in taking advantage of surplus rural labor in other ctors of the Chine economy. There are two steps in the process of citizenization. First, when farmers leave their rural communities and move to the city, their identity changes from a farmer to a rural migrant worker (RMW): one who works in the city and engages in non-agricultural industries but is still registered in the rural areas by the offi cial houhold registration (Hukou) system. Second, not only do RMWs engage in non-agricultural industries but also has their identity changed to a citizen w
滕王高阁临江渚
ho is registered in the city by the Hukou system. This study focus on the cond step of this process of citizenization.
With rapid development of urbanization and citizenization of farmers since 2001, transference of this redundant rural labor force has undoubtedly played a positive role in the Chine economy. But citizenization is not simply the transference of farmers from a rural to city geographical space, it also involves rather dramatic changes in their lifestyle (Huang, 2005). A question of interest is, “are they prepared to accept this change?” To provide an answer, a survey of RMWs in the Chongqing of China was ud to collect data for analysis of RMW behavior. Of specific interest is whether RMWs are willing to change their identity to a citizen and why they want, or do not want, to be urban citizens. The results will be ud to provide a model to aid government authorities when developing policies about citizenization of farmers in the Chongqing, and how to promote the process of urbanization in the city.
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