Unit 2 Initial Education启蒙教育
Text 1 A Baby’s Perception
A few years ago a young mother watched her husband diaper(尿布) their first-born son.“You don’t have to be so grim (严厉的) about it,”she protested.“You can talk to him and smile a little,” the father, who happened to be a psychologist, answered firmly, “he has nothing to say to me, and I have nothing to say to him.”
Psychologists now know how wrong that father was. From the moment of birth, a baby has a great deal to say to his parents, and they to him. But a decade or so ago, the experts were describing the newborn as a primitive creature who reacted only by reflex(影像), a helpless victim of its environment without capacity to influence it. And mothers accepted the gospel(真理). Most thought (and some still do) that a new infant could e only blurry(模糊的) shadows, that his other ns were undeveloped, and that all he required was nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet(摇篮). Today university laboratories across the country are studying newborns in their first month of life. As a result, psychologis
ts now describe the new baby as perceptive, with remarkable learning abilities and an even more remarkable capacity to shape his environment — including the attitudes and actions of his parents. Some rearchers believe that the neonatal (初生的) period may even be the most significant申请专利的流程 four weeks in an entire lifetime.
Far from being helpless, the newborn knows what he likes and rejects what he doesn’t. He shuts out unpleasant nsations by closing his eyes or averting(转移) his face. He is a glutton(酷爱…的人) for novelty(新奇的事物). He prefers animate(鼓舞) things over inanimate and likes people more than anything.
When a mere nine minutes old, an infant prefers a human face to a head-shaped outline. He makes this choice despite the fact that, with delivery room attendants masked and gowned, he has never en a human face before. By the time he’s twelve hours old, his entire body moves in preci synchrony(胡说胡有理同步性) to the sound of a human voice, as if he were dancing. A non-human sound, such as a tapping noi, brings no such respon.
[A] firmly [B] victim [C] outline [D] delivery [E] preci [F] protested [G] perceptive [H] prim
itive [I] rejects [J] significant [K] shadows [L] tapping
婴儿的感知能力
几年前，一位年轻的母亲看到她的丈夫给大儿子换尿布的情形。“你不该对他这样板着脸，”她抗议道：“你可以跟他交谈并带点微笑。”那位父亲正好是一名心理学家，他非常坚决地回答道：“他没有什么要跟我说的，我也没有什么要跟他说的”。
心理学家们现在知道这位父亲的错有多严重了。从出生的一刻开始，婴儿就有许多事情要对父母讲，父母也有许多事情要对孩子说。但十几年前，这些专家将新生儿描绘成一个只对影像有反应的原始生命，一个没有能力影响周围环境的无助的受难者。而母亲们却接受了真理。许多人认为(一些人仍然这样认为)一个新生儿只能看见模糊的影子， 他的其他感观尚未充分发育，而且他的全部需要就是营养品、干净的尿布和一个温暖的摇篮。今天，遍及全国的大学实验室正在对头一个月的新生儿进行研究。结果是，心理学家现在认为新生婴儿有感知能力，有惊人的学习能力，甚至具有更非凡的能力塑造他的环境——其中包括他的父母亲的态度和行为。有些研究者认为初生的四个星期甚至可能是一生中最重要的阶段。
新生儿远远不是无助的，他知道什么是他喜欢的，并且排斥他所不喜欢的东西。他会通过闭上眼睛或者转动脸部来拒绝令他不快的感觉。他是一个酷爱新奇事物的人。他喜欢生机勃勃的东西胜过死气沉沉的东西，并且与其他事物相比，他更喜欢人。
只有9分钟大的婴儿就比较喜欢人的面容而不是一个头型轮廓。尽管接生室的工作人员戴着面罩穿着长袍，他在此前从没有看见过一张人的脸，他也还是做出了这样的选择。到他12小时大的时候，他的整个身体随着人的声音做精确的同步运动，好像跳舞一般。如果不是人的声音，比如敲击声，就不会引发这样的响应。
难 句 解 析
1. But a decade or so ago, the experts were describing the newborn as a primitive creature who reacted only by reflex, a helpless victim of its environment without capacity to influence it.
【分析】复合句。句首 a decade or so ago 为时间状语，as...influence it 为 were describing 的宾语补足语，其中a primitive creature和a helpless victim是as的并列宾语，w
ho 引导的定语从句修饰 a primitive creature，without 引导的介词短语作后置定语，修饰 environment。
2. Most thought (and some still do) that a new infant could e only blurry shadows, that his other ns were undeveloped, and that all he required was nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet.
【分析】多重复合句。谓语动词 thought 后边的 三个that从句均为宾语从句，它们之间是并列关系，都作 thought 的宾语。
3. Far from being helpless, the newborn knows what he likes and rejects what he doesn’t.
活动记录表
【分析】多重复合句。Far from 作状语修饰句子，句中两个谓语动词并列，what 引导宾语从句。
下面我们学习文中标红的高频词#09#09高频词汇
protest* /9pr5Utest/ @@ v. & n. 反对，抗议
【联想】pro(很多元宵节素材) ＋ test(测验)→考试太多，遭到学生反对，抗议
【搭配】protest a decision 反对一项决定；悬疑电影排行榜make a protest against...对…表示抗议；do sth under protest 不得已干某事
【引申】〈同义〉object v. 反对，抗议｜rebel n. & vi. 反对，反对者｜disapprove v. 不赞成〈近形〉protect vt. 保护
【活用例句】The people made a protest about the ri in prices. 人们对价格上涨提出抗议。
firmly /9f((ae)):mlI/ @@ ad. 坚决地，坚定地
【搭配】firmly believe 坚信
【活用例句】The envelope was firmly aled. 这个信封封得很严实。
primitive /9prImItIv/ @@ a. 原始的，早期的；简单的
【词根】prim(第一) ＋ itive(…的)→第一时间的→早期的
【搭配】primitive accumulation 原始积累；primitive weapons 原始武器；primitive men 原始人
【引申】〈同根〉primary a. 初期的；首要的，基本的｜prime a. 一流的，最好的 n. 全盛期，青春〈同义〉early a. 早先的，早期的｜original a. 最初的，原始的｜传真机原理simple a. 简单的〈反义〉developed a. 发展的｜complex a. 复杂的｜complicated a. 复杂的｜sophisticated 尿床怎么治疗a. 精通的
【活用例句】Though raid in a big city, Peter always prefers to paint the primitive scenes of country life.失眠症歌曲虽然生长在大城市，但彼得总喜欢画乡村生活的自然景色。
同 义 巧 辨 primitive，initial，original，preliminary
primitive 指处于人类生命或事物发展的早期阶段的、原始的，也可指自然的或简朴的；initial 指处于事物的起始阶段的，也可指位于开头地方的；original 指处于事物最初阶段的，按顺序应是首位的，并含有在此前不再有更原始的同类东西；preliminary 有预备的、初步的意思。
