英国历史(按主题分)
I.The Founding of the Nation
1. Roman Britain and the Anglo-Saxons
1.1 The Celtic Invasion
1.2 Roman Conquest: 43 AD—5th Century ---- by the Roman Empire
1.3 The Anglo-Saxon Invasion: 5th—8th Century ----- by the Anglo-Saxons
1.4 Danish Invasion: 8th Century—1066 ------ by the Vikings/Danes
1.5 The Norman Conquest 1066 ------by the Normans
2. Feudal Soiety
1215: King John---the Great Charter (Magna Carta)
part of the British Constitution today
1236: Birth of Parliament (derived from the Great Council)
Decline of Feudalism:
1 The Hundred Years’ War 1337-1453
2 The Black Death 1348-1349
3 The Peasant Uprising (leader: Wat Tyler) 1381 /the Peasant’s Revolt
4 Religious Reform (14th century- ): John Wycliff, John Ball
5 The Wars of the Ros 1455-1485
Lancaster, the Hou of the Red Ro
York, the Hou of theWhite Ro
II. Transition to the Modern Age
2.1 The Renaissance (15-16th century, )
2.2 The Enclosure Movement (late 15th century开始，16th century 高涨)
2.3 Religious Reformation (16th century)=Protestant Reformation:
In esnce, the Reformation was a political movement in a religious gui.
时尚短发
leaders:
Germany: Martin Luther
France: John Calvin
England: King Henry VIII
2.3.1 King Henry VIII ---- established the Church of England
散文好句摘抄
1534 the Act of Supremacy: Henry VIII—“only supreme head of the Church of England”
2.3.2 Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
Consolidated the Church of England
Defended the fruit of the Reformation in esnce
1588 defeated the Spanish Armada
2.3.3 Golden Age of English History
England advanced in such areas as foreign trade, exploration, literature, and the arts.
The age of exploration began: claiming new lands for England and introducing new materials and foods.
The American State, Virginia, is named after Queen Elizabeth I.
2.4 The English Bourgeois Revolution (17th century)
狗狗不吃饭
2.4.1 The Civil War
1642-1649: The Civil War broke out
1649—1660: The Commonwealth
Oliver Cromwell, head of the Commonwealth
In 1660, Parliament had Charles II as king of England. This put an end to the Commonwealth.
2.4.2 The Restoration
1661, Charles II: to restore the old social order
1685, James II: to reestablish Catholicism
2.4.3 the Glorious Revolution
1688: joint sovereign of William III and Mary II
1689: Bill of Rights ---- established Constitutional Monarchy
2.4 The Industrial Revolution (1750-1850)
A ries of important inventions in the textile industry marked the beginning of Industrial Revolution:
Spinning Jenny
Water frame
Spinning mule
Power loom
Steam engine
III. The Ri and Fall of the British Empire
3.1 The Formation of the British Empire
3.1.1. First British Empire: 19th Century
It included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states i
n the West Indies
3.1.2. Second British Empire during the Victorian Age: Mid- and late-19th Century
Queen Victoria’s foreign policy—New Imperialism新加坡狮城
It included the colonies in Australia, New Zealand and Canada—dominions
1876 Victoria—“Empress of India”
In Asia, occupied Burma and some other small states. Opium War against China
In Africa, control Suez Canal and conquer Egypt
Union of South Africa—the 4th dominion
On the Eve of World War I, Britain had the largest colonial empire the world had ever en.
a territory of 33.5 million square kilometers (1/4 of the world’s total land).
a population of 393.5 million (8 times as large as that in Britain)
3.2 Britain in the World Wars
剑眉图片3.2.1 World War I (1914-1918)
By the beginning of the 20th century, Britain’s dominance was challenged by other European nations and the US.
Two camps in Europe:
Triple Alliance----the UK, France, Russia英，法，俄
Triple Entente: 德，奥（匈帝国），意
城市绿地设计规范Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria 第一次工业革命的时间
Allied Powers: Britain, France, Russia, Italy and US
The immediate cau—assassination in Sarajevo
The cost of the war for Britain was great:
drained of its manpower
lost the a supremacy
a huge national debt
The League of Nations was founded after WWI.
苏州元宵灯会3.2.2 World War II(1939-1945)
Germany—plan to conquer Europe
Britain—appeament
declare war on Germany on September 3, 1939
alliance with the Soviet Union and the United States
