高考真题中的构词法与巩固练习
英语中常见的构词法有派生法(Derivation)、合成法(Compounding)和转化法(Conversion)三大类。在每年的高考英语试题中,都会出现大量的派生词、合成词和转化词,而这些词很有可能会影响学生的阅读速度和精准度。
一、派生词
全国I卷
ensure (en- + sure) v确保;保证
电脑图片格式en-:使(make)
additional (addition + -al) adj额外的
-al:……的(of)
familiarity (familiar + -ity) n熟悉;亲近
-ity:表示具有某种特征的状态(the condition)
transformative (transform + -ive) adj革命性的;变革的
-ive:具有……性质的(having the quality of ~ing)
physically (physical + -ly) adv 身体上
approximately (approximate + -ly) adv大约
uncommon (un- + common) adj不常有的;罕见的
un-:不(not)
employee (employ + -ee) n受雇者;雇员
-ee:被……者(a person who is ~ed)
harmful (harm + -ful) adj有害的
-ful:易于……的(having the tendency of)
treatment (treat + -ment) n处理;治疗
-王湾
ment:……的行为(the act of ~ing)
empower (em- + power) v授权;使能够
em- (=en-):使(make)
apparently (apparent + -ly) adv显然地
merely (mere + -ly) adv仅仅;只不过
关于艺术的名言absolutely (absolute + -ly) adv绝对地;完全地unreasonable (un- + reasonable) adj不合理的
un-:不(not)
repeatedly (repeated + -ly) adv重复地;再三地temporarily (temporary + -ly) adv暂时地
casually (casual + -ly) adv偶然地;随意地extremely (extreme + -ly) adv极其;非常
全国II卷
古刹inspirational (inspiration + -al) adj启发灵感的
-
al:有……性质的(having the nature of)psychologist (psychology + -ist) n心理学家
-ist:从事……的专家
predictor (predict + -or) n有预测作用的事物
-or:……物(a thing that ~s)
developmental (development + -al) adj发展的
-al:……的(of)
environmentalist (environmental + -ist) n环保主义者-ist:……主义者
ecologist (ecology + -ist) n生态学家
ecosystem (eco- + system) n生态系统
eco-:生态(abstracted from “ecology”)
biologist (biology + -ist) n生物学家
risky (risk + -y) adj冒险的
-y:有……特征的(characterized by)wonderment (wonder + -ment) n 惊奇;惊喜
-ment:the state of ~ing(……的状况)
excitement (excite + -ment) n 激动;兴奋
网络安全管理办法-ment:the state of ~ing(……的状况)
novelist (novel + -ist) n 小说家
announcement (announce + -ment) n 宣布;宣告
指印画-ment:the act of ~ing(……的行为)
uneasy (un- + easy) adj 不自在的;忧虑的
湿性发泡
-un:不(not)
soften (soft + -en) v使变温和
-
en:使(cau to be)
enable (en- + able) v使能够
en-:使(make)
conversational (conversation + -al) adj交谈的;谈话的-al:……的(of)
certainly (certain + -ly) adv必然;肯定地
renewal (renew + -al) n恢复;更新
-al:……行为(the act of ~ing)
surely (sure + -ly) adv一定;必定;想必
全国III卷
tasty (taste + -y) adj 美味的
-y:有……特征的(characterized by)
enrich (en- + rich) v丰富
en-:使(make)
treasury (treasure + -y) n宝库
exceptional (exception + -al) adj非凡的
multigenerational (multi- + generation + -al) adj多代的
multi-:多的(many)
traditionally (traditional + -ly) adv历来
coastal (coast + -al) adj近海的;沿海的
characteristic (character + -istic) n特征;特色;特点
registry (register + -y) n登记处
unpack (un- + pack) v打开(盒子、包或手提箱等)取出(物品)un-:取走(to remove)
speechless (speech + -less) adj 说不出话的
-less:无(without)
milky (milk + -y) adj 奶制的;像奶的
-y:多……的(full of)
gently (gentle + -ly) adj 温柔地;温和地
effectiveness (effective + -ness) n有效性
-ness:……的性质或状态(the quality or condition of being)guidance (guide + -ance) n指导;引导
-ance:……的行为(the act of ~ing)
popularity (popular + -ity) n受欢迎;普及;流行
-ity:……的状态(the condition of)
浙江卷
meaningful (meaning + -ful) adj有意义的
-ful:充满……的(full of)
widen (wide + -en) v(使)变宽
-en:使(cau to be)
analytical (analytic + -al) adj分析的atp结构简式
managerial (manager + -ial) adj管理的
multitasking (multi- + task + -ing) n同时做几件事情
multi-:多的(many)
environmental (environment + -al) adj环境的;环保的loneliness (lonely + -ness) n孤独
-ness:……的性质或状态(the quality or condition of being)helpful (help + -ful) adj有帮助的;有益的
-ful:充满……的(full of)
colorful (color + -ful) adj颜色鲜艳的;五彩缤纷的
-ful:充满……的(full of)
machinery (machine + -ery) n机器;机械
-ery:……的群体或集体(a group of ~s)
山东卷
disqualification (dis- + qualify + -tion) n取消资格
dis-:取消(undo)
warmth (warm + -th) n温暖;热情
-th:……的性质或状态(the quality or condition of being)