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For many years，school children in the US have been taken on “field trips” to cultural institutions such as muums of art.Educators arrange them in the belief that schools exist not only to teach economically uful skills，but also to produce civilized young people who appreciate art and culture.While there are parents who will take their children to cultural places in their free time，there are plenty of other children who will never have this kind of opportunity unless schools offer it.So you could say that taking school students on field trips is a means of giving everyone equal access to their cultural heritage.方堃
However，the attitude towards field trips in recent years is changing，with the number of tours organized for school groups falling significantly in muums all around the country.The most obvious reason is the issue of finance.Becau there are increasing demands on their funds，after all，computers and sports facilities aren’t cheap，schools are forced to make a difficult choice about how to spend the limited money they have.Faced with this dilemma，field trips are an obvious thing to cut since they are en by many as a luxury.
Additionally，the nature of the field days is also changing.Schools increasingly u trips to amument parks or sporting events as a treat for students rather than an opportunity for cultural learning.This shift could have a basis in generational differences between teachers’ reasons for organizing days out of school.A recent survey conducted among 500 Arkansas teachers showed that older teachers were significantly more likely to take the primary purpo of a field trip as a learning experience than younger teachers，who view it as fun.
Some evidence shows the trend of fewer trips may have a negative effect on children’s development.Rearch led by Jay Greene at University of Arkansas found that students who received a tour of an art muum greatly improved their knowledge of art and the ability to think critically about art.They also displayed stronger historical interest and were more likely to visit cultural places in the future.The rearchers warn that if schools cut field trips or switch to less educational destinations，valuable opportunities to broaden and enrich children’s learning experiences are lost.
8．What is the initial purpo of field trips to cultural institutions?
余额宝收益计算器A．To teach students uful skills in economics.
B．To make every student expod to art and culture.
C．To educate students to prerve cultural heritage.
D．To encourage parents to take their children there.
9．Which factor most probably leads to the trend of fewer field trips?
A．The drop in school funds.
B．Students’ demand for fun.
牛奶盒手工制作大全C．The dilemma of school finance.
D．Teachers’ generational differences.
10．What does the underlined phra “This shift” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The switch from old generations to young generations.
B．The switch from sporting events to cultural experiences.
mand责任与能力C．The change from an opportunity to learn to a treat to entertain.
D．The change from educational destinations to luxurious attractions.
11．What can be inferred about field trips from the rearch by Jay Greene?
A．Students are rewarded with more cultural awareness.
B．Amument parks enrich children’s learning experiences.
C．Cutting field trips is critical to the future of the muum.
D．Field trips guarantee better future academic performance.
The time a person spends on different smartphone apps is enough to identify them from a larger group in more than one in three cas，say rearchers.
Rearchers analyzed smartphone data from 780 people.They fed 4,680 days of app usage data into statistical models.Each of the days was paired with one of the 780 urs so that the models learned people’s daily app u patterns.
The rearchers then tested whether models could identify an individual when provided with only a single day of smartphone activity that was anonymous(匿名的)．The models，which were trained on only six days of app usage data per person，could identify the correct person from a day of anonymous data one third of the time.
That might not sound like much，but when the models predict who the data belonged to，it could also provide a list of the most to the least likely candidates.It was possible to view the top 10 most likely individuals that a specific day of data belonged to.Around 75% of the time，the correct ur would be among the top 10 most likely candidates.
In practical terms，a law enforcement(执法机构) investigation eking to identify a criminal’s new phone with the models could reduce a candidate pool of approximately 1,000 phones to 10 phones，with a 25% risk of missing them.
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Conquently，the rearchers warn that software given access to a smartphone’s standard activity logging could make a reasonable prediction about a ur’s identity even when they were logged-out of their account.An identification is possible without monitoring conversations or behaviors within apps themlves.
