Unit 3 Conrvation
Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction
知识运用
1. blame词性：____________ 意思：_____________
blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事而责备某人
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人最大的火山
服装设计稿be to blame (for…) 该（为……）受责备（用主动形式表被动意义）山麦冬
accept/ bear/ take the blame for sth. 对某事负责，承担责任
put/ lay the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
练习：Don't _________ your failure ____ others.
2. occur 词性：____________ 意思：_____________
sth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事
It occurs to sb. that… 某人突然想起……
练习：The idea ________ to him in a dream.
3. survival词性：____________ 意思：_____________
_____________ v. 幸免于难，幸存；比……活得长survive on… 依靠……生存下来_____________ n. 幸存者练习：His __________ is a real wonder.
4. die out 意思：_____________
die away 逐渐消失；逐渐减弱。侧重指已经减弱到一个状态
die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐平息。侧重于减弱的过程
die off 相继死去
练习：This species has nearly _____________.
5. depend on 意思：_____________
depend on sb. to do sth. 依靠某人做某事depend on sb. for sth. 靠某人供给某物
depend on/ upon it that… 指望……，对……深信不疑
练习：You may ___________ her to help you.
6. at risk意思：_____________
at the risk of… 冒着……风险take/ run the risk of… 冒着……风险
take risks/ a risk to do sth. 冒险做某事risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
risk one's life to do sth. 某人冒着生命危险做某事
练习：If we go to war, innocent lives will be ___________.
I. 单词拼写
1. It is reported that some rare ________(物种) have been discovered in this mountain.
2. The number of students in some rural schools have ________(减少) sharply in recent years.
3. Nobody but I should be to ________(责备).
4. The sharp noi from the construction site badly ________(影响) my health.
5. The ________(濒危的) animals should be under careful conrvation.
6. As you know, ________(太阳的) energy does no harm to our planet.
7. The little boy tried to ________(孵化) the eggs by putting them under his arms.
雅俗共赏8. It will take many years before the ecology in this area ________(恢复).
9. The climate this year is quite ________(异常) from average years.
10. You can e ________(各种各样的) animals and plants in this forest.
1. species
2. decread
3. blame
4. affects
5. endangered
6. solar
7. hatch
8. restores
9. unusual10. varied/various
II. 单句语法填空
1. Some arctic species will probably die ________ due to global warming.
2. For half a year, she tried to wipe ________ the memory of that terrible moment.
3. Traffic was___________(unusual) light for that time of day.
4. She leads a rich and _________(vary) life.
5.The price of meat has decread __________ 15%.
6. Which driver was_________(blame) for the accident?
7. _________(affect) by the drought,the rice production has decread by 18% in this region.
8. As with all dias, certain groups will be more ____________ risk than others.
9. The number of the ________(endanger) animals is on the increa the years.
10. He is now fully _________(restore) to health.
1.out
2. out
3. unusually
4. varied
5. by
6. to blame
7. affected
8. at
9. endangered 10. restored
III. 完成句子
1. For this loss, I should ___________________________(受责备).
2. She can type ___________________________ (以……的速度)60 words every minute.
3. In the past thirty years, ________________________(取得巨大进步) in many aspects in our country.
4. _________________________ (很显然)he is confident about his life in the future.
5. The reason _________________________(他没失去信心) is that we encourage him all the time.
1. be to blame
2. at the rate of
3. there has been great progress
4. It is quite obvious that
5. why he doesn’t lo heart
重点句型梳理
1.（教材P52）Extinctions, _________ entire species are wiped out, _______(be) not unusual in our Earth's history. 灭绝在我们地球的历史上很常见，它指的是整个物种的消亡。
表抽象意义的地点名词，像activity, business, career, ca, job, point, situation等。
I have reached a point in my life _______ I am suppod to make decisions of my own.
我已到了人生中该自己做决定的时候。
2.（教材P52）In the last 500 million years, there________________(be) five times _______ life on Earth has almost ended.在过去的5亿年间，有5次地球上的生命几乎都消亡了。
表抽象意义的时间名词，occasion.
Occasions are quite rare ____________ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
我很少有机会能有时间和孩子待上一天。
3.（教材P52）The include the third mass extinction, ________(know) as the "Great Dying", _________ killed 90% to 96% of all species.
它们包括第3次大型物种灭绝。它也叫做“大灭绝”，这次灭绝使90%到96%的物种都消亡了。
4.（教材P52）_____________it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at _________ this is now happening is cau for concern.
________物种自然灭绝是很常见的，__________现在物种灭绝的速度引起了担忧。
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句，即把从句中的某一介词或介词短语提到关系代词之前。
在这种结构中，关系代词指人时只能用whom，指物时只能用which。
介词的选择一般是根据介词与从句中相关的动词、形容词、名词的搭配关系而定，有时根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定，有时也要根据句子的意思而定。
Do you know the man ____ whom I spoke just now? 你认识刚才同我交谈的那个人吗？
5.（教材P52）There is a long list of reasons ________ so many species are dying out: air and water pollution, forests being destroyed, factory farming and overfishing.
这么多物种灭绝的原因有很多：空气污染和水污染、森林被破坏、工厂化农业和过度捕捞。
关系副词why 引导的定语从句
I don't know the reason_______(for ________ )he came so late. The reason ____he told me yesterday made me astonished.
6.（教材P52）Without forests, we __________(have) no air to breathe, and without clean water we __________(be) unable to survive.
含蓄虚拟条件句
有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示，而用其他方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句。主要有以下几种情况：（1）用with, without, but等构成的介词短语来替代条件从句，它们都可以转换成由if引导的虚拟条件从句。
We _____________(die) without your help. = We _____________(die) if you hadn't helped us.
要不是有你帮助我们，我们可能就已经死了。
（2）用or, otherwi, suppo/ supposing (that) , provided/ providing (that) 等引导虚拟语气。
You didn't come yesterday, or you _____________(e) him.
你昨天没有来，不然的话你就会看到他了。
（3）通过上下文来表虚拟，在这种情况下，需对具体语境加以分析。
否则用英语怎么说I _____________(give) you more money, but I was so poor.
我本来会给你更多的钱，但我很穷。
练习：
1. The meeting room is crowded with children ___________ have poor eyesight, all of ______ interested in painting.
2. Tango is a passionate dance, ___________ brings the dancers together in a way that words can't express.
3. It was the largest map ___________ I had ever en.
4. Mr Zhang had a lot of friends, none of ___________ could lend him any money.
5. ___________ was announced in the newspaper, our country won 51 gold medals in the 29th Olympic Games.
6. Which was the very hotel ___________ was recommended to you?
7. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory ___________ we are working.
8. Is there anyone in your class ___________ family is in the country?
9-10. I can never forget the days ___________ we worked together and the time ___________ we spent together.
语法填空
通分的方法主题：人与自然（保护动物）话题：企鹅种群数量体裁：说明文建议用时：6＇
If you’re a fan of penguins, you might enjoy 1 （participate）in a new rearch project to help scientists measure changes of penguin populations.
The project 2 （name）Penguin Watch and the members are counting penguins in online 3 （photo）taken across Macquarie Island, so that scientists could monitor the species in their natural habitat. Up to now, nearly 40,000 volunteers have joined in the project.
“Penguin Watch is people-powered rearch 4 people can help and every click 5 （matter）in helping us to understand penguins, ”Tom Hart，who is 6 expert from the University of Oxford and a member of the Penguin Watch team, told The Daily Telegraph.
The data 7 （collect）by volunteers will also assist scientists in measuring changes in not only penguins’ behavior and habitat，8 the larger ecosystem. “Finally，this huge data t allows us to 9 （effective）train computers to take over from humans and helps us pass on the tools developed for penguins to the species 10 threat,” said Hart.
1. participating
2. is named
3. photos
4. where
5. matters
6. an
7. collected
8. but
9. effectively10. under
阅读理解
主题：人与自然（环境保护）话题：生物多样性体裁：说明文建议用时：7＇It is widely believed that
biodiversity（生物多样性）is promoted to save species. But in reality species exist only as part of ecosystems and cannot survive unless their ecosystems are protected along with as much as possible of the diversity they contain.
Protecting habitats is important for keeping biodiversity. In 2003，over 102，000 habitats covering nearly 19 million square kilometres，or 11.5% of the world’s land surface，were under some form of protection. Though this has been a great improvement since 1962，when just l，000 protected habitats were listed，it is still not considered enough to stop the ecocide
that is endangering the world’s biodiversity.
For a number of environmentalists，protecting the world’s 25 biodiversity hot spots is critical to saving habitats and species. But many hot spots are endangered already，having lost up to three-quarters of their original plants.
The poor state of most biodiversity hot spots results directly from population growth and migration into the areas. A study found that by the mid-1990s around 1.1 billion people lived in the hot spots. Moreover, the annual population growth rate in the areas was 1.8%, higher than the global average of 1.4%. The PAI report concluded that human-related environmental changes will continue 日月潭有多深
to put pressure on hot spots. Therefore, keeping biodiversity requires paying clo attention to population size.
Protecting hot spots is not simply a matter of putting up fences and employing guards. The best results are achieved when local people are educated about the value of wildlife，and actually gain a share of the benefits from eco-tourism. Only then do they have a chance to e the benefits of protecting hot spots.
1. What can we infer from Paragraph l?
A. The loss of any species can affect humans.
B. Endangered species are paid more attention to by humans.
C. Species can still survive when their ecosystems are destroyed.
D. Ecosystem protection is as important as diversity protection.
2. What does the underlined word “ecocide” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Ecosystem protection.
B. Reduction of the number of species.
C. Serious damage to habitats.
D. Habitat protection.
3. What’s the direct cau of the terrible state of the hot spots?
A. Population growth in hot spots.
B. Migration out of the areas.
C. Global warming.
D. The global average population growth rate.
4.What’s the author’s opinion on protecting the hot spots?
A. It’s simple to carry out.
B. It leads to the increa of tourists.一只鹅多少钱
C. It’s cloly connected with local people.
D. It suggests that the local people are well educated.
1. D
2. C
3. A
4. C
人们普遍认为生物多样性(生物多样性）促进物种保护。但事实上，物种只作为生态系统的一部分存在，除非它们的生态系统得到尽可能多的保护，否则它们无法生存。
保护栖息地对保持生物多样性很重要。2003年，覆盖近1900万平方公里（占世界陆地面积的11.5%）的102000多个栖息地受到某种形式的保护。尽管自1962年以来，这已经是一个巨大的进步，当时只有1000个受保护的栖息地被列入名单，但这仍然被认为不足以阻止危及世界生物多样性的生态灭绝。
对许多环保人士来说，保护世界上25个生物多样性热点对保护栖息地和物种至关重要。但许多热点地区已经濒临灭绝，失去了多达四分之三的原生植物。
大多数生物多样性热点地区的贫困状况直接来自人口增长和移民到这些地区。一项研究发现，到1990年代中期，大约有11亿人生活在这些热点地区。此外，这些地区的年人口增长率为1.8%，高于1.4%的全球平均水平。PAI报告得出结论，与人类相关的环境变化将继续给热点地区带来压力。因此，保持生物多样性需要密切关注人口规模。
保护热点不仅仅是设置围栏和雇佣警卫。当当地人接受野生动物价值的教育，并从生态旅游中实际获得一份利益时，才能取得最好的结果。只有这样，他们才有机会看到保护热点的好处。
A级必备知识基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
